\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u8981\u8fdb\u884cshell\u7f16\u7a0b <\/p>\n
\u3000\u3000\u5728Linux\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\uff0c\u867d\u7136\u6709\u5404\u79cd\u5404\u6837\u7684\u56fe\u5f62\u5316\u63a5\u53e3\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u4f46\u662fshell\u4ecd\u7136\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u975e\u5e38\u7075\u6d3b\u7684\u5de5\u5177\u3002Shell\u4e0d\u4ec5\u4ec5\u662f\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u6536\u96c6\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u662f\u4e00\u95e8\u975e\u5e38\u68d2\u7684\u7f16\u7a0b\u8bed\u8a00\u3002\u60a8\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u4f7f\u7528shell\u4f7f\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u4efb\u52a1\u81ea\u52a8\u5316\uff0cshell\u7279\u522b\u64c5\u957f\u7cfb\u7edf\u7ba1\u7406\u4efb\u52a1\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u9002\u5408\u90a3\u4e9b\u6613\u7528\u6027\u3001\u53ef\u7ef4\u62a4\u6027\u548c\u4fbf\u643a\u6027\u6bd4\u6548\u7387\u66f4\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u4efb\u52a1\u3002 <\/p>\n
\u3000\u3000\u4e0b\u9762\uff0c\u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u4e00\u8d77\u6765\u770b\u770bshell\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\uff1a <\/p>\n
\u5efa\u7acb\u4e00\u4e2a\u811a\u672c <\/p>\n
\u3000\u3000Linux\u4e2d\u6709\u597d\u591a\u4e2d\u4e0d\u540c\u7684shell\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u901a\u5e38\u6211\u4eec\u4f7f\u7528bash (bourne again shell) \u8fdb\u884cshell\u7f16\u7a0b\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3abash\u662f\u514d\u8d39\u7684\u5e76\u4e14\u5f88\u5bb9\u6613\u4f7f\u7528\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u5728\u672c\u6587\u4e2d\u7b14\u8005\u6240\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u811a\u672c\u90fd\u662f\u4f7f\u7528bash\uff08\u4f46\u662f\u5728\u5927\u591a\u6570\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u811a\u672c\u540c\u6837\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728bash\u7684\u5927\u59d0\uff0cbourne shell\u4e2d\u8fd0\u884c\uff09\u3002 <\/p>\n
\u3000\u3000\u5982\u540c\u5176\u4ed6\u8bed\u8a00\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u6211\u4eec\u4f7f\u7528\u4efb\u610f\u4e00\u79cd\u6587\u5b57\u7f16\u8f91\u5668\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982nedit\u3001kedit\u3001emacs\u3001vi <\/p>\n
\u3000\u3000\u7b49\u6765\u7f16\u5199\u6211\u4eec\u7684shell\u7a0b\u5e8f\u3002 <\/p>\n
\u3000\u3000\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5fc5\u987b\u4ee5\u4e0b\u9762\u7684\u884c\u5f00\u59cb\uff08\u5fc5\u987b\u65b9\u5728\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u884c\uff09\uff1a <\/p>\n
#!\/bin\/sh <\/p>\n
\u3000\u3000\u7b26\u53f7#!\u7528\u6765\u544a\u8bc9\u7cfb\u7edf\u5b83\u540e\u9762\u7684\u53c2\u6570\u662f\u7528\u6765\u6267\u884c\u8be5\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\u4e2d\u6211\u4eec\u4f7f\u7528\/bin\/sh\u6765\u6267\u884c\u7a0b\u5e8f\u3002 <\/p>\n
\u3000\u3000\u5f53\u7f16\u8f91\u597d\u811a\u672c\u65f6\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u8981\u6267\u884c\u8be5\u811a\u672c\uff0c\u8fd8\u5fc5\u987b\u4f7f\u5176\u53ef\u6267\u884c\u3002 <\/p>\n
\u3000\u3000\u8981\u4f7f\u811a\u672c\u53ef\u6267\u884c\uff1a <\/p>\n
chmod +x filename <\/p>\n
\u3000\u3000\u7136\u540e\uff0c\u60a8\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u8f93\u5165\uff1a .\/filename \u6765\u6267\u884c\u60a8\u7684\u811a\u672c\u3002 <\/p>\n
\u6ce8\u91ca <\/p>\n
\u3000\u3000\u5728\u8fdb\u884cshell\u7f16\u7a0b\u65f6\uff0c\u4ee5#\u5f00\u5934\u7684\u53e5\u5b50\u8868\u793a\u6ce8\u91ca\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u8fd9\u4e00\u884c\u7684\u7ed3\u675f\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u771f\u8bda\u5730\u5efa\u8bae\u60a8\u5728\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528\u6ce8\u91ca\u3002\u5982\u679c\u60a8\u4f7f\u7528\u4e86\u6ce8\u91ca\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5373\u4f7f\u76f8\u5f53\u957f\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u5185\u6ca1\u6709\u4f7f\u7528\u8be5\u811a\u672c\uff0c\u60a8\u4e5f\u80fd\u5728\u5f88\u77ed\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u5185\u660e\u767d\u8be5\u811a\u672c\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u53ca\u5de5\u4f5c\u539f\u7406\u3002 <\/p>\n
\u53d8\u91cf <\/p>\n
\u3000\u3000\u5728\u5176\u4ed6\u7f16\u7a0b\u8bed\u8a00\u4e2d\u60a8\u5fc5\u987b\u4f7f\u7528\u53d8\u91cf\u3002\u5728shell\u7f16\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u90fd\u7531\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u7ec4\u6210\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u60a8\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u5bf9\u53d8\u91cf\u8fdb\u884c\u58f0\u660e\u3002\u8981\u8d4b\u503c\u7ed9\u4e00\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\uff0c\u60a8\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fd9\u6837\u5199\uff1a <\/p>\n
\u53d8\u91cf\u540d=\u503c <\/p>\n
\u3000\u3000\u53d6\u51fa\u53d8\u91cf\u503c\u53ef\u4ee5\u52a0\u4e00\u4e2a\u7f8e\u5143\u7b26\u53f7\uff08$\uff09\u5728\u53d8\u91cf\u524d\u9762\uff1a <\/p>\n
#!\/bin\/sh
#\u5bf9\u53d8\u91cf\u8d4b\u503c\uff1a
a=”hello world”
# \u73b0\u5728\u6253\u5370\u53d8\u91cfa\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\uff1a
echo “A is:”
echo $a <\/p>\n
\u3000\u3000\u5728\u60a8\u7684\u7f16\u8f91\u5668\u4e2d\u8f93\u5165\u4ee5\u4e0a\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u5c06\u5176\u4fdd\u5b58\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6first\u3002\u4e4b\u540e\u6267\u884cchmod +x first <\/p>\n
\u3000\u3000\u4f7f\u5176\u53ef\u6267\u884c\uff0c\u6700\u540e\u8f93\u5165.\/first\u6267\u884c\u8be5\u811a\u672c\u3002 <\/p>\n
\u3000\u3000\u8fd9\u4e2a\u811a\u672c\u5c06\u4f1a\u8f93\u51fa\uff1a <\/p>\n
A is:
hello world <\/p>\n
\u3000\u3000\u6709\u65f6\u5019\u53d8\u91cf\u540d\u5f88\u5bb9\u6613\u4e0e\u5176\u4ed6\u6587\u5b57\u6df7\u6dc6\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\uff1a <\/p>\n
num=2
echo “this is the $numnd” <\/p>\n
\u3000\u3000\u8fd9\u5e76\u4e0d\u4f1a\u6253\u5370\u51fa”this is the 2nd”\uff0c\u800c\u4ec5\u4ec5\u6253\u5370”this is the “\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3ashell\u4f1a\u53bb\u641c\u7d22\u53d8\u91cfnumnd\u7684\u503c\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u8fd9\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\u65f6\u6ca1\u6709\u503c\u7684\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u82b1\u62ec\u53f7\u6765\u544a\u8bc9shell\u6211\u4eec\u8981\u6253\u5370\u7684\u662fnum\u53d8\u91cf\uff1a <\/p>\n
num=2
echo “this is the ${num}nd” <\/p>\n
\u3000\u3000\u8fd9\u5c06\u6253\u5370\uff1a this is the 2nd <\/p>\n
\u3000\u3000\u6709\u8bb8\u591a\u53d8\u91cf\u662f\u7cfb\u7edf\u81ea\u52a8\u8bbe\u5b9a\u7684\uff0c\u8fd9\u5c06\u5728\u540e\u9762\u4f7f\u7528\u8fd9\u4e9b\u53d8\u91cf\u65f6\u8fdb\u884c\u8ba8\u8bba\u3002 <\/p>\n
\u3000\u3000\u5982\u679c\u60a8\u9700\u8981\u5904\u7406\u6570\u5b66\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u60a8\u9700\u8981\u4f7f\u7528\u8bf8\u5982expr\u7b49\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff08\u89c1\u4e0b\u9762\uff09\u3002 <\/p>\n
\u3000\u3000\u9664\u4e86\u4e00\u822c\u7684\u4ec5\u5728\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5185\u6709\u6548\u7684shell\u53d8\u91cf\u4ee5\u5916\uff0c\u8fd8\u6709\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u3002\u7531export\u5173\u952e\u5b57\u5904\u7406\u8fc7\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u53eb\u505a\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u5bf9\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u8fdb\u884c\u8ba8\u8bba\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u901a\u5e38\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u4ec5\u4ec5\u5728\u767b\u5f55\u811a\u672c\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u3002 <\/p>\n
Shell\u547d\u4ee4\u548c\u6d41\u7a0b\u63a7\u5236 <\/p>\n
\u3000\u3000\u5728shell\u811a\u672c\u4e2d\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u4e09\u7c7b\u547d\u4ee4\uff1a <\/p>\n
1)Unix \u547d\u4ee4: <\/p>\n
\u3000\u3000\u867d\u7136\u5728shell\u811a\u672c\u4e2d\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u4efb\u610f\u7684unix\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u8fd8\u662f\u7531\u4e00\u4e9b\u76f8\u5bf9\u66f4\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u547d\u4ee4\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u7528\u6765\u8fdb\u884c\u6587\u4ef6\u548c\u6587\u5b57\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u3002 <\/p>\n
\u5e38\u7528\u547d\u4ee4\u8bed\u6cd5\u53ca\u529f\u80fd <\/p>\n
\u3000\u3000echo “some text”: \u5c06\u6587\u5b57\u5185\u5bb9\u6253\u5370\u5728\u5c4f\u5e55\u4e0a <\/p>\n
\u3000\u3000ls: \u6587\u4ef6\u5217\u8868 <\/p>\n
\u3000\u3000wc -l filewc -w filewc -c file: \u8ba1\u7b97\u6587\u4ef6\u884c\u6570\u8ba1\u7b97\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u7684\u5355\u8bcd\u6570\u8ba1\u7b97\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u6570 <\/p>\n
\u3000\u3000cp sourcefile destfile: \u6587\u4ef6\u62f7\u8d1d <\/p>\n
\u3000\u3000mv oldname newname : \u91cd\u547d\u540d\u6587\u4ef6\u6216\u79fb\u52a8\u6587\u4ef6 <\/p>\n
\u3000\u3000rm file: \u5220\u9664\u6587\u4ef6 <\/p>\n
\u3000\u3000grep ‘pattern’ file: \u5728\u6587\u4ef6\u5185\u641c\u7d22\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u6bd4\u5982\uff1agrep ‘searchstring’ file.txt <\/p>\n
\u3000\u3000cut -b colnum file: \u6307\u5b9a\u6b32\u663e\u793a\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u5185\u5bb9\u8303\u56f4\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u5b83\u4eec\u8f93\u51fa\u5230\u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u51fa\u8bbe\u5907\u6bd4\u5982\uff1a\u8f93\u51fa\u6bcf\u884c\u7b2c5\u4e2a\u5230\u7b2c9\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26cut -b5-9 file.txt\u5343\u4e07\u4e0d\u8981\u548ccat\u547d\u4ee4\u6df7\u6dc6\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u4e24\u4e2a\u5b8c\u5168\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u547d\u4ee4 <\/p>\n
\u3000\u3000cat file.txt: \u8f93\u51fa\u6587\u4ef6\u5185\u5bb9\u5230\u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u51fa\u8bbe\u5907\uff08\u5c4f\u5e55\uff09\u4e0a <\/p>\n
\u3000\u3000file somefile: \u5f97\u5230\u6587\u4ef6\u7c7b\u578b <\/p>\n
\u3000\u3000read var: \u63d0\u793a\u7528\u6237\u8f93\u5165\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u8f93\u5165\u8d4b\u503c\u7ed9\u53d8\u91cf <\/p>\n
\u3000\u3000sort file.txt: \u5bf9file.txt\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u7684\u884c\u8fdb\u884c\u6392\u5e8f <\/p>\n
\u3000\u3000uniq: \u5220\u9664\u6587\u672c\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u884c\u5217\u6bd4\u5982\uff1a sort file.txt | uniq <\/p>\n
\u3000\u3000expr: \u8fdb\u884c\u6570\u5b66\u8fd0\u7b97Example: add 2 and 3expr 2 “+” 3 <\/p>\n
\u3000\u3000find: \u641c\u7d22\u6587\u4ef6\u6bd4\u5982\uff1a\u6839\u636e\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u641c\u7d22find . -name filename -print <\/p>\n
\u3000\u3000tee: \u5c06\u6570\u636e\u8f93\u51fa\u5230\u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u51fa\u8bbe\u5907(\u5c4f\u5e55) \u548c\u6587\u4ef6\u6bd4\u5982\uff1asomecommand | tee outfile <\/p>\n
\u3000\u3000basename file: \u8fd4\u56de\u4e0d\u5305\u542b\u8def\u5f84\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u6bd4\u5982\uff1a basename \/bin\/tux\u5c06\u8fd4\u56de tux <\/p>\n
\u3000\u3000dirname file: \u8fd4\u56de\u6587\u4ef6\u6240\u5728\u8def\u5f84\u6bd4\u5982\uff1adirname \/bin\/tux\u5c06\u8fd4\u56de \/bin <\/p>\n
\u3000\u3000head file: \u6253\u5370\u6587\u672c\u6587\u4ef6\u5f00\u5934\u51e0\u884c <\/p>\n
\u3000\u3000tail file : \u6253\u5370\u6587\u672c\u6587\u4ef6\u672b\u5c3e\u51e0\u884c <\/p>\n
\u3000\u3000sed: Sed\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u67e5\u627e\u66ff\u6362\u7a0b\u5e8f\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ece\u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u5165\uff08\u6bd4\u5982\u547d\u4ee4\u7ba1\u9053\uff09\u8bfb\u5165\u6587\u672c\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u7ed3\u679c\u8f93\u51fa\u5230\u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u51fa\uff08\u5c4f\u5e55\uff09\u3002\u8be5\u547d\u4ee4\u91c7\u7528\u6b63\u5219\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\uff08\u89c1\u53c2\u8003\uff09\u8fdb\u884c\u641c\u7d22\u3002\u4e0d\u8981\u548cshell\u4e2d\u7684\u901a\u914d\u7b26\u76f8\u6df7\u6dc6\u3002\u6bd4\u5982\uff1a\u5c06linuxfocus \u66ff\u6362\u4e3a LinuxFocus \uff1acat text.file | sed ‘s\/linuxfocus\/LinuxFocus\/’ > newtext.file <\/p>\n
\u3000\u3000awk: awk \u7528\u6765\u4ece\u6587\u672c\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u63d0\u53d6\u5b57\u6bb5\u3002\u7f3a\u7701\u5730\uff0c\u5b57\u6bb5\u5206\u5272\u7b26\u662f\u7a7a\u683c\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528-F\u6307\u5b9a\u5176\u4ed6\u5206\u5272\u7b26\u3002cat file.txt | awk -F, ‘{print $1 “,” $3 }’\u8fd9\u91cc\u6211\u4eec\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5b57\u6bb5\u5206\u5272\u7b26\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u6253\u5370\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u548c\u7b2c\u4e09\u4e2a\u5b57\u6bb5\u3002\u5982\u679c\u8be5\u6587\u4ef6\u5185\u5bb9\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a Adam Bor, 34, IndiaKerry Miller, 22, USA\u547d\u4ee4\u8f93\u51fa\u7ed3\u679c\u4e3a\uff1aAdam Bor, IndiaKerry Miller, USA <\/p>\n
2) \u6982\u5ff5: \u7ba1\u9053, \u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u548c backtick <\/p>\n
\u3000\u3000\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4e0d\u662f\u7cfb\u7edf\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u4ed6\u4eec\u771f\u7684\u5f88\u91cd\u8981\u3002 <\/p>\n
\u3000\u3000\u7ba1\u9053 (|) \u5c06\u4e00\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u8f93\u51fa\u4f5c\u4e3a\u53e6\u5916\u4e00\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u8f93\u5165\u3002 <\/p>\n
grep “hello” file.txt | wc -l <\/p>\n
\u3000\u3000\u5728file.txt\u4e2d\u641c\u7d22\u5305\u542b\u6709”hello”\u7684\u884c\u5e76\u8ba1\u7b97\u5176\u884c\u6570\u3002 <\/p>\n
\u3000\u3000\u5728\u8fd9\u91ccgrep\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u8f93\u51fa\u4f5c\u4e3awc\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u8f93\u5165\u3002\u5f53\u7136\u60a8\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u591a\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u3002 <\/p>\n
\u3000\u3000\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\uff1a\u5c06\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u8f93\u51fa\u5230\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u51fa\uff08\u5c4f\u5e55\uff09\u3002 <\/p>\n
\u3000\u3000> \u5199\u5165\u6587\u4ef6\u5e76\u8986\u76d6\u65e7\u6587\u4ef6 <\/p>\n
\u3000\u3000>> \u52a0\u5230\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u5c3e\u90e8\uff0c\u4fdd\u7559\u65e7\u6587\u4ef6\u5185\u5bb9\u3002 <\/p>\n
\u53cd\u77ed\u659c\u7ebf <\/p>\n
\u3000\u3000\u4f7f\u7528\u53cd\u77ed\u659c\u7ebf\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u4e00\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u8f93\u51fa\u4f5c\u4e3a\u53e6\u5916\u4e00\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u53c2\u6570\u3002 <\/p>\n
\u3000\u3000\u547d\u4ee4\uff1a <\/p>\n
find . -mtime -1 -type f -print <\/p>\n
\u3000\u3000\u7528\u6765\u67e5\u627e\u8fc7\u53bb24\u5c0f\u65f6\uff08-mtime -2\u5219\u8868\u793a\u8fc7\u53bb48\u5c0f\u65f6\uff09\u5185\u4fee\u6539\u8fc7\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u3002\u5982\u679c\u60a8\u60f3\u5c06\u6240\u6709\u67e5\u627e\u5230\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u6253\u4e00\u4e2a\u5305\uff0c\u5219\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u4ee5\u4e0b\u811a\u672c\uff1a <\/p>\n
#!\/bin\/sh
# The ticks are backticks (`) not normal quotes (‘):
tar -zcvf lastmod.tar.gz `find . -mtime -1 -type f -print` <\/p>\n
\u3000\u30003) \u6d41\u7a0b\u63a7\u5236 <\/p>\n
\u3000\u3000”if” \u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f \u5982\u679c\u6761\u4ef6\u4e3a\u771f\u5219\u6267\u884cthen\u540e\u9762\u7684\u90e8\u5206\uff1a <\/p>\n
if ….; then
\u3000 ….
elif ….; then
\u3000 ….
else
\u3000 ….
fi <\/p>\n
\u3000\u3000\u5927\u591a\u6570\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u6d4b\u8bd5\u547d\u4ee4\u6765\u5bf9\u6761\u4ef6\u8fdb\u884c\u6d4b\u8bd5\u3002\u6bd4\u5982\u53ef\u4ee5\u6bd4\u8f83\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u3001\u5224\u65ad\u6587\u4ef6\u662f\u5426\u5b58\u5728\u53ca\u662f\u5426\u53ef\u8bfb\u7b49\u7b49… <\/p>\n
\u3000\u3000\u901a\u5e38\u7528” [ ] “\u6765\u8868\u793a\u6761\u4ef6\u6d4b\u8bd5\u3002\u6ce8\u610f\u8fd9\u91cc\u7684\u7a7a\u683c\u5f88\u91cd\u8981\u3002\u8981\u786e\u4fdd\u65b9\u62ec\u53f7\u7684\u7a7a\u683c\u3002 <\/p>\n
[ -f “somefile” ] \uff1a\u5224\u65ad\u662f\u5426\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6
[ -x “\/bin\/ls” ] \uff1a\u5224\u65ad\/bin\/ls\u662f\u5426\u5b58\u5728\u5e76\u6709\u53ef\u6267\u884c\u6743\u9650
[ -n “$var” ] \uff1a\u5224\u65ad$var\u53d8\u91cf\u662f\u5426\u6709\u503c
[ “$a” = “$b” ] \uff1a\u5224\u65ad$a\u548c$b\u662f\u5426\u76f8\u7b49 <\/p>\n
\u3000\u3000\u6267\u884cman test\u53ef\u4ee5\u67e5\u770b\u6240\u6709\u6d4b\u8bd5\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u53ef\u4ee5\u6bd4\u8f83\u548c\u5224\u65ad\u7684\u7c7b\u578b\u3002 <\/p>\n
\u3000\u3000\u76f4\u63a5\u6267\u884c\u4ee5\u4e0b\u811a\u672c\uff1a <\/p>\n
#!\/bin\/sh
if [ “$SHELL” = “\/bin\/bash” ]; then
\u3000echo “your login shell is the bash (bourne again shell)”
else
\u3000echo “your login shell is not bash but $SHELL”
fi <\/p>\n
\u3000\u3000\u53d8\u91cf$SHELL\u5305\u542b\u4e86\u767b\u5f55shell\u7684\u540d\u79f0\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u548c\/bin\/bash\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u6bd4\u8f83\u3002 <\/p>\n
\u5feb\u6377\u64cd\u4f5c\u7b26 <\/p>\n
\u3000\u3000\u719f\u6089C\u8bed\u8a00\u7684\u670b\u53cb\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u5f88\u559c\u6b22\u4e0b\u9762\u7684\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\uff1a <\/p>\n
[ -f “\/etc\/shadow” ] && echo “This computer uses shadow passwors” <\/p>\n
\u3000\u3000\u8fd9\u91cc && \u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5feb\u6377\u64cd\u4f5c\u7b26\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u5de6\u8fb9\u7684\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u4e3a\u771f\u5219\u6267\u884c\u53f3\u8fb9\u7684\u8bed\u53e5\u3002\u60a8\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u903b\u8f91\u8fd0\u7b97\u4e2d\u7684\u4e0e\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002\u4e0a\u4f8b\u4e2d\u8868\u793a\u5982\u679c\/etc\/shadow\u6587\u4ef6\u5b58\u5728\u5219\u6253\u5370” This computer uses shadow passwors”\u3002\u540c\u6837\u6216\u64cd\u4f5c(||)\u5728shell\u7f16\u7a0b\u4e2d\u4e5f\u662f\u53ef\u7528\u7684\u3002\u8fd9\u91cc\u6709\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\uff1a <\/p>\n
#!\/bin\/sh
mailfolder=\/var\/spool\/mail\/james
[ -r “$mailfolder” ]’ ‘{ echo “Can not read $mailfolder” ; exit 1; }
echo “$mailfolder has mail from:”
grep “^From ” $mailfolder <\/p>\n
\u3000\u3000\u8be5\u811a\u672c\u9996\u5148\u5224\u65admailfolder\u662f\u5426\u53ef\u8bfb\u3002\u5982\u679c\u53ef\u8bfb\u5219\u6253\u5370\u8be5\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u7684”From” \u4e00\u884c\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4e0d\u53ef\u8bfb\u5219\u6216\u64cd\u4f5c\u751f\u6548\uff0c\u6253\u5370\u9519\u8bef\u4fe1\u606f\u540e\u811a\u672c\u9000\u51fa\u3002\u8fd9\u91cc\u6709\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u90a3\u5c31\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u5fc5\u987b\u6709\u4e24\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\uff1a <\/p>\n
\u3000\u3000-\u6253\u5370\u9519\u8bef\u4fe1\u606f <\/p>\n
\u3000\u3000-\u9000\u51fa\u7a0b\u5e8f <\/p>\n
\u3000\u3000\u6211\u4eec\u4f7f\u7528\u82b1\u62ec\u53f7\u4ee5\u533f\u540d\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u5c06\u4e24\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u653e\u5230\u4e00\u8d77\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u4f7f\u7528\u3002\u4e00\u822c\u51fd\u6570\u5c06\u5728\u4e0b\u6587\u63d0\u53ca\u3002 <\/p>\n
\u3000\u3000\u4e0d\u7528\u4e0e\u548c\u6216\u64cd\u4f5c\u7b26\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528if\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u4f5c\u4efb\u4f55\u4e8b\u60c5\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u4f7f\u7528\u4e0e\u6216\u64cd\u4f5c\u7b26\u4f1a\u66f4\u4fbf\u5229\u5f88\u591a\u3002 <\/p>\n
\u3000\u3000case\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u6765\u5339\u914d\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ed9\u5b9a\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u6570\u5b57\u3002 <\/p>\n
case … in
…) do something here ;;
esac <\/p>\n
\u3000\u3000\u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u770b\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\u3002 file\u547d\u4ee4\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fa8\u522b\u51fa\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ed9\u5b9a\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u7c7b\u578b\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\uff1a <\/p>\n
file lf.gz <\/p>\n
\u3000\u3000\u8fd9\u5c06\u8fd4\u56de\uff1a <\/p>\n
lf.gz: gzip compressed data, deflated, original filename,
last modified: Mon Aug 27 23:09:18 2001, os: Unix <\/p>\n
\u3000\u3000\u6211\u4eec\u5229\u7528\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\u5199\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u53eb\u505asmartzip\u7684\u811a\u672c\uff0c\u8be5\u811a\u672c\u53ef\u4ee5\u81ea\u52a8\u89e3\u538bbzip2, gzip \u548czip \u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u538b\u7f29\u6587\u4ef6\uff1a <\/p>\n
#!\/bin\/sh
ftype=`file “$1″`
case “$ftype” in
“$1: Zip archive”*)
\u3000\u3000unzip “$1” ;;
“$1: gzip compressed”*)
\u3000\u3000gunzip “$1” ;;
“$1: bzip2 compressed”*)
\u3000\u3000bunzip2 “$1” ;;
*) error “File $1 can not be uncompressed with smartzip”;;
esac <\/p>\n
\u3000\u3000\u60a8\u53ef\u80fd\u6ce8\u610f\u5230\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u4f7f\u7528\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\u53d8\u91cf$1\u3002\u8be5\u53d8\u91cf\u5305\u542b\u4e86\u4f20\u9012\u7ed9\u8be5\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570\u503c\u3002\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\uff0c\u5f53\u6211\u4eec\u8fd0\u884c\uff1a <\/p>\n
smartzip articles.zip
$1 \u5c31\u662f\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32 articles.zip <\/p>\n
\u3000\u3000select \u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u662f\u4e00\u79cdbash\u7684\u6269\u5c55\u5e94\u7528\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u64c5\u957f\u4e8e\u4ea4\u4e92\u5f0f\u4f7f\u7528\u3002\u7528\u6237\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ece\u4e00\u7ec4\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u503c\u4e2d\u8fdb\u884c\u9009\u62e9\u3002 <\/p>\n
select var in … ; do
\u3000break
done
…. now $var can be used ….
\u4e0b\u9762\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\uff1a
#!\/bin\/sh
echo “What is your favourite OS?”
select var in “Linux” “Gnu Hurd” “Free BSD” “Other”; do
\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000break
done
echo “You have selected $var” <\/p>\n
\u3000\u3000\u4e0b\u9762\u662f\u8be5\u811a\u672c\u8fd0\u884c\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\uff1a <\/p>\n
What is your favourite OS?
1) Linux
2) Gnu Hurd
3) Free BSD
4) Other
#? 1
You have selected Linux <\/p>\n
\u3000\u3000\u60a8\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728shell\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528\u5982\u4e0b\u7684loop\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\uff1a <\/p>\n
while …; do
….
done <\/p>\n
\u3000\u3000while-loop \u5c06\u8fd0\u884c\u76f4\u5230\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u6d4b\u8bd5\u4e3a\u771f\u3002will run while the expression that we test for is true. \u5173\u952e\u5b57”break” \u7528\u6765\u8df3\u51fa\u5faa\u73af\u3002\u800c\u5173\u952e\u5b57”continue”\u7528\u6765\u4e0d\u6267\u884c\u4f59\u4e0b\u7684\u90e8\u5206\u800c\u76f4\u63a5\u8df3\u5230\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e2a\u5faa\u73af\u3002 <\/p>\n
\u3000\u3000for-loop\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u67e5\u770b\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u5217\u8868 (\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u7528\u7a7a\u683c\u5206\u9694) \u7136\u540e\u5c06\u5176\u8d4b\u7ed9\u4e00\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\uff1a <\/p>\n
for var in ….; do
\u3000….
done <\/p>\n
\u3000\u3000\u5728\u4e0b\u9762\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u4e2d\uff0c\u5c06\u5206\u522b\u6253\u5370ABC\u5230\u5c4f\u5e55\u4e0a\uff1a <\/p>\n
#!\/bin\/sh
for var in A B C ; do
\u3000echo “var is $var”
done <\/p>\n
\u3000\u3000\u4e0b\u9762\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u66f4\u4e3a\u6709\u7528\u7684\u811a\u672cshowrpm\uff0c\u5176\u529f\u80fd\u662f\u6253\u5370\u4e00\u4e9bRPM\u5305\u7684\u7edf\u8ba1\u4fe1\u606f\uff1a <\/p>\n
#!\/bin\/sh
# list a content summary of a number of RPM packages
# USAGE: showrpm rpmfile1 rpmfile2 …
# EXAMPLE: showrpm \/cdrom\/RedHat\/RPMS\/*.rpm
for rpmpackage in $*; do
\u3000if [ -r “$rpmpackage” ];then
\u3000\u3000echo “=============== $rpmpackage ==============”
\u3000\u3000rpm -qi -p $rpmpackage
\u3000else
\u3000\u3000echo “ERROR: cannot read file $rpmpackage”
\u3000fi
done <\/p>\n
\u3000\u3000\u8fd9\u91cc\u51fa\u73b0\u4e86\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2a\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\u53d8\u91cf$*\uff0c\u8be5\u53d8\u91cf\u5305\u542b\u4e86\u6240\u6709\u8f93\u5165\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u53c2\u6570\u503c\u3002\u5982\u679c\u60a8\u8fd0\u884cshowrpm openssh.rpm w3m.rpm webgrep.rpm <\/p>\n
\u3000\u3000\u6b64\u65f6 $* \u5305\u542b\u4e86 3 \u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\uff0c\u5373openssh.rpm, w3m.rpm and webgrep.rpm. <\/p>\n
\u5f15\u53f7 <\/p>\n
\u3000\u3000\u5728\u5411\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4f20\u9012\u4efb\u4f55\u53c2\u6570\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4f1a\u6269\u5c55\u901a\u914d\u7b26\u548c\u53d8\u91cf\u3002\u8fd9\u91cc\u6240\u8c13\u6269\u5c55\u7684\u610f\u601d\u662f\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4f1a\u628a\u901a\u914d\u7b26\uff08\u6bd4\u5982*\uff09\u66ff\u6362\u6210\u5408\u9002\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\uff0c\u5b83\u53d8\u91cf\u66ff\u6362\u6210\u53d8\u91cf\u503c\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u9632\u6b62\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4f5c\u8fd9\u79cd\u66ff\u6362\uff0c\u60a8\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u5f15\u53f7\uff1a\u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u6765\u770b\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\uff0c\u5047\u8bbe\u5728\u5f53\u524d\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u4e24\u4e2ajpg\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c mail.jpg \u548ctux.jpg\u3002 <\/p>\n
#!\/bin\/sh
echo *.jpg <\/p>\n
\u3000\u3000\u8fd9\u5c06\u6253\u5370\u51fa”mail.jpg tux.jpg”\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u3002 <\/p>\n
\u3000\u3000\u5f15\u53f7 (\u5355\u5f15\u53f7\u548c\u53cc\u5f15\u53f7) \u5c06\u9632\u6b62\u8fd9\u79cd\u901a\u914d\u7b26\u6269\u5c55\uff1a <\/p>\n
#!\/bin\/sh
echo “*.jpg”
echo ‘*.jpg’ <\/p>\n
\u3000\u3000\u8fd9\u5c06\u6253\u5370”*.jpg” \u4e24\u6b21\u3002 <\/p>\n
\u3000\u3000\u5355\u5f15\u53f7\u66f4\u4e25\u683c\u4e00\u4e9b\u3002\u5b83\u53ef\u4ee5\u9632\u6b62\u4efb\u4f55\u53d8\u91cf\u6269\u5c55\u3002\u53cc\u5f15\u53f7\u53ef\u4ee5\u9632\u6b62\u901a\u914d\u7b26\u6269\u5c55\u4f46\u5141\u8bb8\u53d8\u91cf\u6269\u5c55\u3002 <\/p>\n
#!\/bin\/sh
echo $SHELL
echo “$SHELL”
echo ‘$SHELL’ <\/p>\n
\u3000\u3000\u8fd0\u884c\u7ed3\u679c\u4e3a\uff1a <\/p>\n
\/bin\/bash
\/bin\/bash
$SHELL <\/p>\n
\u3000\u3000\u6700\u540e\uff0c\u8fd8\u6709\u4e00\u79cd\u9632\u6b62\u8fd9\u79cd\u6269\u5c55\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u90a3\u5c31\u662f\u4f7f\u7528\u8f6c\u4e49\u5b57\u7b26\u2014\u2014\u53cd\u659c\u6746\uff1a <\/p>\n
echo *.jpg
echo $SHELL <\/p>\n
\u3000\u3000\u8fd9\u5c06\u8f93\u51fa\uff1a <\/p>\n
*.jpg
$SHELL
Here documents <\/p>\n
\u3000\u3000\u5f53\u8981\u5c06\u51e0\u884c\u6587\u5b57\u4f20\u9012\u7ed9\u4e00\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u65f6\uff0chere documents\uff08\u8bd1\u8005\u6ce8\uff1a\u76ee\u524d\u8fd8\u6ca1\u6709\u89c1\u5230\u8fc7\u5bf9\u8be5\u8bcd\u9002\u5408\u7684\u7ffb\u8bd1\uff09\u4e00\u79cd\u4e0d\u9519\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u5bf9\u6bcf\u4e2a\u811a\u672c\u5199\u4e00\u6bb5\u5e2e\u52a9\u6027\u7684\u6587\u5b57\u662f\u5f88\u6709\u7528\u7684\uff0c\u6b64\u65f6\u5982\u679c\u6211\u4eec\u56db\u6709\u90a3\u4e2ahere documents\u5c31\u4e0d\u5fc5\u7528echo\u51fd\u6570\u4e00\u884c\u884c\u8f93\u51fa\u3002 \u4e00\u4e2a “Here document” \u4ee5 << \u5f00\u5934\uff0c\u540e\u9762\u63a5\u4e0a\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u8fd8\u5fc5\u987b\u51fa\u73b0\u5728here document\u7684\u672b\u5c3e\u3002\u4e0b\u9762\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\uff0c\u5728\u8be5\u4f8b\u5b50\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5bf9\u591a\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u8fdb\u884c\u91cd\u547d\u540d\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u4f7f\u7528here documents\u6253\u5370\u5e2e\u52a9\uff1a <\/p>\n
#!\/bin\/sh
# we have less than 3 arguments. Print the help text:
if [ $# -lt 3 ] ; then
cat < ren — renames a number of files using sed regular expressions <\/p>\n
USAGE: ren ‘regexp’ ‘replacement’ files… <\/p>\n
EXAMPLE: rename all *.HTM files in *.html:
\u3000ren ‘HTM$’ ‘html’ *.HTM <\/p>\n
HELP
\u3000exit 0
fi
OLD=”$1″
NEW=”$2″
# The shift command removes one argument from the list of
# command line arguments.
shift
shift
# $* contains now all the files:
for file in $*; do
\u3000\u3000if [ -f “$file” ] ; then
\u3000\u3000\u3000newfile=`echo “$file” | sed “s\/${OLD}\/${NEW}\/g”`
\u3000\u3000\u3000if [ -f “$newfile” ]; then
\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000echo “ERROR: $newfile exists already”
\u3000\u3000\u3000else
\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000echo “renaming $file to $newfile …”
\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000mv “$file” “$newfile”
\u3000\u3000\u3000fi
\u3000\u3000fi
done <\/p>\n
\u3000\u3000\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u590d\u6742\u4e00\u4e9b\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u3002\u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u8be6\u7ec6\u8ba8\u8bba\u4e00\u4e0b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2aif\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u5224\u65ad\u8f93\u5165\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u53c2\u6570\u662f\u5426\u5c0f\u4e8e3\u4e2a (\u7279\u6b8a\u53d8\u91cf$# \u8868\u793a\u5305\u542b\u53c2\u6570\u7684\u4e2a\u6570) \u3002\u5982\u679c\u8f93\u5165\u53c2\u6570\u5c0f\u4e8e3\u4e2a\uff0c\u5219\u5c06\u5e2e\u52a9\u6587\u5b57\u4f20\u9012\u7ed9cat\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u7531cat\u547d\u4ee4\u5c06\u5176\u6253\u5370\u5728\u5c4f\u5e55\u4e0a\u3002\u6253\u5370\u5e2e\u52a9\u6587\u5b57\u540e\u7a0b\u5e8f\u9000\u51fa\u3002 \u5982\u679c\u8f93\u5165\u53c2\u6570\u7b49\u4e8e\u6216\u5927\u4e8e3\u4e2a\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c31\u5c06\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570\u8d4b\u503c\u7ed9\u53d8\u91cfOLD\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570\u8d4b\u503c\u7ed9\u53d8\u91cfNEW\u3002\u4e0b\u4e00\u6b65\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4f7f\u7528shift\u547d\u4ee4\u5c06\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u548c\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570\u4ece\u53c2\u6570\u5217\u8868\u4e2d\u5220\u9664\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u539f\u6765\u7684\u7b2c\u4e09\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570\u5c31\u6210\u4e3a\u53c2\u6570\u5217\u8868$*\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570\u3002\u7136\u540e\u6211\u4eec\u5f00\u59cb\u5faa\u73af\uff0c\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u53c2\u6570\u5217\u8868\u88ab\u4e00\u4e2a\u63a5\u4e00\u4e2a\u5730\u88ab\u8d4b\u503c\u7ed9\u53d8\u91cf$file\u3002\u63a5\u7740\u6211\u4eec\u5224\u65ad\u8be5\u6587\u4ef6\u662f\u5426\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u5b58\u5728\u5219\u901a\u8fc7sed\u547d\u4ee4\u641c\u7d22\u548c\u66ff\u6362\u6765\u4ea7\u751f\u65b0\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u3002\u7136\u540e\u5c06\u53cd\u77ed\u659c\u7ebf\u5185\u547d\u4ee4\u7ed3\u679c\u8d4b\u503c\u7ed9newfile\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\u6211\u4eec\u5c31\u8fbe\u5230\u4e86\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u76ee\u7684\uff1a\u5f97\u5230\u4e86\u65e7\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u548c\u65b0\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u3002\u7136\u540e\u4f7f\u7528mv\u547d\u4ee4\u8fdb\u884c\u91cd\u547d\u540d\u3002 <\/p>\n
\u51fd\u6570 <\/p>\n
\u3000\u3000\u5982\u679c\u60a8\u5199\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u7a0d\u5fae\u590d\u6742\u4e00\u4e9b\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff0c\u60a8\u5c31\u4f1a\u53d1\u73b0\u5728\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4e2d\u53ef\u80fd\u5728\u51e0\u4e2a\u5730\u65b9\u4f7f\u7528\u4e86\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u60a8\u4e5f\u4f1a\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6211\u4eec\u4f7f\u7528\u4e86\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u4f1a\u65b9\u4fbf\u5f88\u591a\u3002\u4e00\u4e2a\u51fd\u6570\u662f\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6837\u5b50\u7684\uff1a <\/p>\n
functionname()
{
# inside the body $1 is the first argument given to the function
# $2 the second …
body
} <\/p>\n
\u3000\u3000\u60a8\u9700\u8981\u5728\u6bcf\u4e2a\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u5f00\u59cb\u5bf9\u51fd\u6570\u8fdb\u884c\u58f0\u660e\u3002 <\/p>\n
\u3000\u3000\u4e0b\u9762\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u53eb\u505axtitlebar\u7684\u811a\u672c\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u8fd9\u4e2a\u811a\u672c\u60a8\u53ef\u4ee5\u6539\u53d8\u7ec8\u7aef\u7a97\u53e3\u7684\u540d\u79f0\u3002\u8fd9\u91cc\u4f7f\u7528\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u53eb\u505ahelp\u7684\u51fd\u6570\u3002\u6b63\u5982\u60a8\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u5230\u7684\u90a3\u6837\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u51fd\u6570\u88ab\u4f7f\u7528\u4e86\u4e24\u6b21\u3002 <\/p>\n
#!\/bin\/sh
# vim: set sw=4 ts=4 et: <\/p>\n
help()
{
\u3000\u3000cat < xtitlebar — change the name of an xterm, gnome-terminal or kde konsole <\/p>\n
USAGE: xtitlebar [-h] “string_for_titelbar” <\/p>\n
OPTIONS: -h help text <\/p>\n
EXAMPLE: xtitlebar “cvs” <\/p>\n
HELP
\u3000\u3000exit 0
} <\/p>\n
# in case of error or if -h is given we call the function help:
[ -z “$1” ] && help
[ “$1” = “-h” ] && help <\/p>\n
# send the escape sequence to change the xterm titelbar:
echo -e “33]0;$107”
# <\/p>\n
\u3000\u3000\u5728\u811a\u672c\u4e2d\u63d0\u4f9b\u5e2e\u52a9\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5f88\u597d\u7684\u7f16\u7a0b\u4e60\u60ef\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u65b9\u4fbf\u5176\u4ed6\u7528\u6237\uff08\u548c\u60a8\uff09\u4f7f\u7528\u548c\u7406\u89e3\u811a\u672c\u3002 <\/p>\n
\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u53c2\u6570 <\/p>\n
\u3000\u3000\u6211\u4eec\u5df2\u7ecf\u89c1\u8fc7$* \u548c $1, $2 … $9 \u7b49\u7279\u6b8a\u53d8\u91cf\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7279\u6b8a\u53d8\u91cf\u5305\u542b\u4e86\u7528\u6237\u4ece\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u8f93\u5165\u7684\u53c2\u6570\u3002\u8fc4\u4eca\u4e3a\u6b62\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4ec5\u4ec5\u4e86\u89e3\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u8bed\u6cd5\uff08\u6bd4\u5982\u4e00\u4e9b\u5f3a\u5236\u6027\u7684\u53c2\u6570\u548c\u67e5\u770b\u5e2e\u52a9\u7684-h\u9009\u9879\uff09\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u5728\u7f16\u5199\u66f4\u590d\u6742\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\u65f6\uff0c\u60a8\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u53d1\u73b0\u60a8\u9700\u8981\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u9009\u9879\u3002\u901a\u5e38\u7684\u60ef\u4f8b\u662f\u5728\u6240\u6709\u53ef\u9009\u7684\u53c2\u6570\u4e4b\u524d\u52a0\u4e00\u4e2a\u51cf\u53f7\uff0c\u540e\u9762\u518d\u52a0\u4e0a\u53c2\u6570\u503c (\u6bd4\u5982\u6587\u4ef6\u540d)\u3002 <\/p>\n
\u3000\u3000\u6709\u597d\u591a\u65b9\u6cd5\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b9e\u73b0\u5bf9\u8f93\u5165\u53c2\u6570\u7684\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u4e0b\u9762\u7684\u4f7f\u7528case\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u65e0\u9057\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e0d\u9519\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002 <\/p>\n
#!\/bin\/sh
help()
{
\u3000cat < This is a generic command line parser demo.
USAGE EXAMPLE: cmdparser -l hello -f — -somefile1 somefile2
HELP
\u3000exit 0
} <\/p>\n
while [ -n “$1” ]; do
case $1 in
\u3000\u3000-h) help;shift 1;; # function help is called
\u3000\u3000-f) opt_f=1;shift 1;; # variable opt_f is set
\u3000\u3000-l) opt_l=$2;shift 2;; # -l takes an argument -> shift by 2
\u3000\u3000–) shift;break;; # end of options
\u3000\u3000-*) echo “error: no such option $1. -h for help”;exit 1;;
\u3000\u3000*) break;;
esac
done <\/p>\n
echo “opt_f is $opt_f”
echo “opt_l is $opt_l”
echo “first arg is $1”
echo “2nd arg is $2” <\/p>\n
\u3000\u3000\u60a8\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fd9\u6837\u8fd0\u884c\u8be5\u811a\u672c\uff1a <\/p>\n
cmdparser -l hello -f — -somefile1 somefile2 <\/p>\n
\u3000\u3000\u8fd4\u56de\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u662f\uff1a <\/p>\n
opt_f is 1
opt_l is hello
first arg is -somefile1
2nd arg is somefile2 <\/p>\n
\u3000\u3000\u8fd9\u4e2a\u811a\u672c\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u5462\uff1f\u811a\u672c\u9996\u5148\u5728\u6240\u6709\u8f93\u5165\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u53c2\u6570\u4e2d\u8fdb\u884c\u5faa\u73af\uff0c\u5c06\u8f93\u5165\u53c2\u6570\u4e0ecase\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u8fdb\u884c\u6bd4\u8f83\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u5339\u914d\u5219\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e00\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\u5e76\u4e14\u79fb\u9664\u8be5\u53c2\u6570\u3002\u6839\u636eunix\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u60ef\u4f8b\uff0c\u9996\u5148\u8f93\u5165\u7684\u5e94\u8be5\u662f\u5305\u542b\u51cf\u53f7\u7684\u53c2\u6570\u3002 <\/p>\n
\u5b9e\u4f8b <\/p>\n
\u3000\u3000\u4e00\u822c\u7f16\u7a0b\u6b65\u9aa4 <\/p>\n
\u3000\u3000\u73b0\u5728\u6211\u4eec\u6765\u8ba8\u8bba\u7f16\u5199\u4e00\u4e2a\u811a\u672c\u7684\u4e00\u822c\u6b65\u9aa4\u3002\u4efb\u4f55\u4f18\u79c0\u7684\u811a\u672c\u90fd\u5e94\u8be5\u5177\u6709\u5e2e\u52a9\u548c\u8f93\u5165\u53c2\u6570\u3002\u5e76\u4e14\u5199\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f2a\u811a\u672c\uff08framework.sh\uff09\uff0c\u8be5\u811a\u672c\u5305\u542b\u4e86\u5927\u591a\u6570\u811a\u672c\u90fd\u9700\u8981\u7684\u6846\u67b6\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u975e\u5e38\u4e0d\u9519\u7684\u4e3b\u610f\u3002\u8fd9\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u5728\u5199\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u7684\u811a\u672c\u65f6\u6211\u4eec\u53ea\u9700\u8981\u6267\u884c\u4e00\u4e0bcopy\u547d\u4ee4\uff1a <\/p>\n
cp framework.sh myscript <\/p>\n
\u3000\u3000\u7136\u540e\u518d\u63d2\u5165\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u51fd\u6570\u3002 <\/p>\n
\u3000\u3000\u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u518d\u770b\u4e24\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\uff1a <\/p>\n
\u3000\u3000\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u5230\u5341\u8fdb\u5236\u7684\u8f6c\u6362 <\/p>\n
\u3000\u3000\u811a\u672c b2d \u5c06\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u6570 (\u6bd4\u5982 1101) \u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u5341\u8fdb\u5236\u6570\u3002\u8fd9\u4e5f\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7528expr\u547d\u4ee4\u8fdb\u884c\u6570\u5b66\u8fd0\u7b97\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\uff1a <\/p>\n
#!\/bin\/sh
# vim: set sw=4 ts=4 et:
help()
{
\u3000cat < b2h — convert binary to decimal <\/p>\n
USAGE: b2h [-h] binarynum <\/p>\n
OPTIONS: -h help text <\/p>\n
EXAMPLE: b2h 111010
will return 58
HELP
\u3000exit 0
} <\/p>\n
error()
{
\u3000\u3000# print an error and exit
\u3000\u3000echo “$1”
\u3000\u3000exit 1
} <\/p>\n
lastchar()
{
\u3000\u3000# return the last character of a string in $rval
\u3000\u3000if [ -z “$1” ]; then
\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000# empty string
\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000rval=””
\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000return
\u3000\u3000fi
\u3000\u3000# wc puts some space behind the output this is why we need sed:
\u3000\u3000numofchar=`echo -n “$1” | wc -c | sed ‘s\/ \/\/g’ `
\u3000\u3000# now cut out the last char
\u3000\u3000rval=`echo -n “$1” | cut -b $numofchar`
} <\/p>\n
chop()
{
\u3000\u3000# remove the last character in string and return it in $rval
\u3000\u3000if [ -z “$1” ]; then
\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000# empty string
\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000rval=””
\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000return
\u3000\u3000fi
\u3000\u3000# wc puts some space behind the output this is why we need sed:
\u3000\u3000numofchar=`echo -n “$1” | wc -c | sed ‘s\/ \/\/g’ `
\u3000\u3000if [ “$numofchar” = “1” ]; then
\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000# only one char in string
\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000rval=””
\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000return
\u3000\u3000fi
\u3000\u3000numofcharminus1=`expr $numofchar “-” 1`
\u3000\u3000# now cut all but the last char:
\u3000\u3000rval=`echo -n “$1” | cut -b 0-${numofcharminus1}`
} <\/p>\n
while [ -n “$1” ]; do
case $1 in
\u3000\u3000-h) help;shift 1;; # function help is called
\u3000\u3000–) shift;break;; # end of options
\u3000\u3000-*) error “error: no such option $1. -h for help”;;
\u3000\u3000*) break;;
esac
done <\/p>\n
# The main program
sum=0
weight=1
# one arg must be given:
[ -z “$1” ] && help
binnum=”$1″
binnumorig=”$1″ <\/p>\n
while [ -n “$binnum” ]; do
\u3000\u3000lastchar “$binnum”
\u3000\u3000if [ “$rval” = “1” ]; then
\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000sum=`expr “$weight” “+” “$sum”`
\u3000\u3000fi
\u3000\u3000# remove the last position in $binnum
\u3000\u3000chop “$binnum”
\u3000\u3000binnum=”$rval”
\u3000\u3000weight=`expr “$weight” “*” 2`
done <\/p>\n
echo “binary $binnumorig is decimal $sum”
# <\/p>\n
\u3000\u3000\u8be5\u811a\u672c\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u7b97\u6cd5\u662f\u5229\u7528\u5341\u8fdb\u5236\u548c\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u6570\u6743\u503c (1,2,4,8,16,..)\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236”10″\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fd9\u6837\u8f6c\u6362\u6210\u5341\u8fdb\u5236\uff1a <\/p>\n
0 * 1 + 1 * 2 = 2 <\/p>\n
\u3000\u3000\u4e3a\u4e86\u5f97\u5230\u5355\u4e2a\u7684\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u6570\u6211\u4eec\u662f\u7528\u4e86lastchar \u51fd\u6570\u3002\u8be5\u51fd\u6570\u4f7f\u7528wc -c\u8ba1\u7b97\u5b57\u7b26\u4e2a\u6570\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u4f7f\u7528cut\u547d\u4ee4\u53d6\u51fa\u672b\u5c3e\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u3002Chop\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u5219\u662f\u79fb\u9664\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u3002 <\/p>\n
\u3000\u3000\u6587\u4ef6\u5faa\u73af\u7a0b\u5e8f <\/p>\n
\u3000\u3000\u6216\u8bb8\u60a8\u662f\u60f3\u5c06\u6240\u6709\u53d1\u51fa\u7684\u90ae\u4ef6\u4fdd\u5b58\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u7684\u4eba\u4eec\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u5458\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5728\u8fc7\u4e86\u51e0\u4e2a\u6708\u4ee5\u540e\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u53d8\u5f97\u5f88\u5927\u4ee5\u81f3\u4e8e\u4f7f\u5bf9\u8be5\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u8bbf\u95ee\u901f\u5ea6\u53d8\u6162\u3002\u4e0b\u9762\u7684\u811a\u672crotatefile \u53ef\u4ee5\u89e3\u51b3\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u811a\u672c\u53ef\u4ee5\u91cd\u547d\u540d\u90ae\u4ef6\u4fdd\u5b58\u6587\u4ef6\uff08\u5047\u8bbe\u4e3aoutmail\uff09\u4e3aoutmail.1\uff0c\u800c\u5bf9\u4e8eoutmail.1\u5c31\u53d8\u6210\u4e86outmail.2 \u7b49\u7b49\u7b49\u7b49… <\/p>\n
#!\/bin\/sh
# vim: set sw=4 ts=4 et:
ver=”0.1″
help()
{
\u3000\u3000cat < rotatefile — rotate the file name <\/p>\n
USAGE: rotatefile [-h] filename <\/p>\n
OPTIONS: -h help text <\/p>\n
EXAMPLE: rotatefile out
This will e.g rename out.2 to out.3, out.1 to out.2, out to out.1
and create an empty out-file <\/p>\n
The max number is 10 <\/p>\n
version $ver
HELP
\u3000\u3000exit 0
} <\/p>\n
error()
{
\u3000\u3000echo “$1”
\u3000\u3000exit 1
}
while [ -n “$1” ]; do
case $1 in
\u3000\u3000-h) help;shift 1;;
\u3000\u3000–) break;;
\u3000\u3000-*) echo “error: no such option $1. -h for help”;exit 1;;
\u3000\u3000*) break;;
esac
done <\/p>\n
# input check:
if [ -z “$1” ] ; then
error “ERROR: you must specify a file, use -h for help”
fi
filen=”$1″
# rename any .1 , .2 etc file:
for n in 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1; do
\u3000\u3000if [ -f “$filen.$n” ]; then
\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000p=`expr $n + 1`
\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000echo “mv $filen.$n $filen.$p”
\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000mv $filen.$n $filen.$p
\u3000\u3000fi
done
# rename the original file:
if [ -f “$filen” ]; then
\u3000\u3000echo “mv $filen $filen.1”
\u3000\u3000mv $filen $filen.1
fi
echo touch $filen
touch $filen <\/p>\n
\u3000\u3000\u8fd9\u4e2a\u811a\u672c\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u5462\uff1f\u5728\u68c0\u6d4b\u7528\u6237\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u4ee5\u540e\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u8fdb\u884c\u4e00\u4e2a9\u52301\u7684\u5faa\u73af\u3002\u6587\u4ef69\u88ab\u547d\u540d\u4e3a10\uff0c\u6587\u4ef68\u91cd\u547d\u540d\u4e3a9\u7b49\u7b49\u3002\u5faa\u73af\u5b8c\u6210\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u539f\u59cb\u6587\u4ef6\u547d\u540d\u4e3a\u6587\u4ef61\u540c\u65f6\u5efa\u7acb\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e0e\u539f\u59cb\u6587\u4ef6\u540c\u540d\u7684\u7a7a\u6587\u4ef6\u3002 <\/p>\n
\u8c03\u8bd5 <\/p>\n
\u3000\u3000\u6700\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u8c03\u8bd5\u547d\u4ee4\u5f53\u7136\u662f\u4f7f\u7528echo\u547d\u4ee4\u3002\u60a8\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528echo\u5728\u4efb\u4f55\u6000\u7591\u51fa\u9519\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u6253\u5370\u4efb\u4f55\u53d8\u91cf\u503c\u3002\u8fd9\u4e5f\u662f\u7edd\u5927\u591a\u6570\u7684shell\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5458\u8981\u82b1\u8d3980%\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u6765\u8c03\u8bd5\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u3002Shell\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u597d\u5904\u5728\u4e8e\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u91cd\u65b0\u7f16\u8bd1\uff0c\u63d2\u5165\u4e00\u4e2aecho\u547d\u4ee4\u4e5f\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u591a\u5c11\u65f6\u95f4\u3002 <\/p>\n
\u3000\u3000shell\u4e5f\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u771f\u5b9e\u7684\u8c03\u8bd5\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u811a\u672c”strangescript” \u4e2d\u6709\u9519\u8bef\uff0c\u60a8\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fd9\u6837\u6765\u8fdb\u884c\u8c03\u8bd5\uff1a <\/p>\n
sh -x strangescript <\/p>\n
\u3000\u3000\u8fd9\u5c06\u6267\u884c\u8be5\u811a\u672c\u5e76\u663e\u793a\u6240\u6709\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u503c\u3002 <\/p>\n
\u3000\u3000shell\u8fd8\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u6267\u884c\u811a\u672c\u53ea\u662f\u68c0\u67e5\u8bed\u6cd5\u7684\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fd9\u6837\u4f7f\u7528\uff1a <\/p>\n
sh -n your_script <\/p>\n
\u3000\u3000\u8fd9\u5c06\u8fd4\u56de\u6240\u6709\u8bed\u6cd5\u9519\u8bef\u3002 <\/p>\n
\u3000\u3000\u6211\u4eec\u5e0c\u671b\u60a8\u73b0\u5728\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f00\u59cb\u5199\u60a8\u81ea\u5df1\u7684shell\u811a\u672c\uff0c\u5e0c\u671b\u60a8\u73a9\u5f97\u5f00\u5fc3\u3002
\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u8981\u8fdb\u884cshell\u7f16\u7a0b <\/p>\n
\u3000\u3000\u5728Linux\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\uff0c\u867d\u7136\u6709\u5404\u79cd\u5404\u6837\u7684\u56fe\u5f62\u5316\u63a5\u53e3\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u4f46\u662fshell\u4ecd\u7136\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u975e\u5e38\u7075\u6d3b\u7684\u5de5\u5177\u3002Shell\u4e0d\u4ec5\u4ec5\u662f\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u6536\u96c6\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u662f\u4e00\u95e8\u975e\u5e38\u68d2\u7684\u7f16\u7a0b\u8bed\u8a00\u3002\u60a8\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u4f7f\u7528shell\u4f7f\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u4efb\u52a1\u81ea\u52a8\u5316\uff0cshell\u7279\u522b\u64c5\u957f\u7cfb\u7edf\u7ba1\u7406\u4efb\u52a1\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u9002\u5408\u90a3\u4e9b\u6613\u7528\u6027\u3001\u53ef\u7ef4\u62a4\u6027\u548c\u4fbf\u643a\u6027\u6bd4\u6548\u7387\u66f4\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u4efb\u52a1\u3002 <\/p>\n
\u3000\u3000\u4e0b\u9762\uff0c\u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u4e00\u8d77\u6765\u770b\u770bshell\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\uff1a <\/p>\n
\u5efa\u7acb\u4e00\u4e2a\u811a\u672c <\/p>\n
\u3000\u3000Linux\u4e2d\u6709\u597d\u591a\u4e2d\u4e0d\u540c\u7684shell\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u901a\u5e38\u6211\u4eec\u4f7f\u7528bash (bourne again shell) \u8fdb\u884cshell\u7f16\u7a0b\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3abash\u662f\u514d\u8d39\u7684\u5e76\u4e14\u5f88\u5bb9\u6613\u4f7f\u7528\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u5728\u672c\u6587\u4e2d\u7b14\u8005\u6240\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u811a\u672c\u90fd\u662f\u4f7f\u7528bash\uff08\u4f46\u662f\u5728\u5927\u591a\u6570\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u811a\u672c\u540c\u6837\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728bash\u7684\u5927\u59d0\uff0cbourne shell\u4e2d\u8fd0\u884c\uff09\u3002 <\/p>\n
\u3000\u3000\u5982\u540c\u5176\u4ed6\u8bed\u8a00\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u6211\u4eec\u4f7f\u7528\u4efb\u610f\u4e00\u79cd\u6587\u5b57\u7f16\u8f91\u5668\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982nedit\u3001kedit\u3001emacs\u3001vi <\/p>\n
\u3000\u3000\u7b49\u6765\u7f16\u5199\u6211\u4eec\u7684shell\u7a0b\u5e8f\u3002 <\/p>\n
\u3000\u3000\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5fc5\u987b\u4ee5\u4e0b\u9762\u7684\u884c\u5f00\u59cb\uff08\u5fc5\u987b\u65b9\u5728\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u884c\uff09\uff1a <\/p>\n
#!\/bin\/sh <\/p>\n
\u3000\u3000\u7b26\u53f7#!\u7528\u6765\u544a\u8bc9\u7cfb\u7edf\u5b83\u540e\u9762\u7684\u53c2\u6570\u662f\u7528\u6765\u6267\u884c\u8be5\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\u4e2d\u6211\u4eec\u4f7f\u7528\/bin\/sh\u6765\u6267\u884c\u7a0b\u5e8f\u3002 <\/p>\n
\u3000\u3000\u5f53\u7f16\u8f91\u597d\u811a\u672c\u65f6\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u8981\u6267\u884c\u8be5\u811a\u672c\uff0c\u8fd8\u5fc5\u987b\u4f7f\u5176\u53ef\u6267\u884c\u3002 <\/p>\n
\u3000\u3000\u8981\u4f7f\u811a\u672c\u53ef\u6267\u884c\uff1a <\/p>\n
chmod +x filename <\/p>\n
\u3000\u3000\u7136\u540e\uff0c\u60a8\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u8f93\u5165\uff1a .\/filename \u6765\u6267\u884c\u60a8\u7684\u811a\u672c\u3002 <\/p>\n
\u6ce8\u91ca <\/p>\n
\u3000\u3000\u5728\u8fdb\u884cshell\u7f16\u7a0b\u65f6\uff0c\u4ee5#\u5f00\u5934\u7684\u53e5\u5b50\u8868\u793a\u6ce8\u91ca\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u8fd9\u4e00\u884c\u7684\u7ed3\u675f\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u771f\u8bda\u5730\u5efa\u8bae\u60a8\u5728\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528\u6ce8\u91ca\u3002\u5982\u679c\u60a8\u4f7f\u7528\u4e86\u6ce8\u91ca\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5373\u4f7f\u76f8\u5f53\u957f\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u5185\u6ca1\u6709\u4f7f\u7528\u8be5\u811a\u672c\uff0c\u60a8\u4e5f\u80fd\u5728\u5f88\u77ed\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u5185\u660e\u767d\u8be5\u811a\u672c\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u53ca\u5de5\u4f5c\u539f\u7406\u3002 <\/p>\n
\u53d8\u91cf <\/p>\n
\u3000\u3000\u5728\u5176\u4ed6\u7f16\u7a0b\u8bed\u8a00\u4e2d\u60a8\u5fc5\u987b\u4f7f\u7528\u53d8\u91cf\u3002\u5728shell\u7f16\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u90fd\u7531\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u7ec4\u6210\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u60a8\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u5bf9\u53d8\u91cf\u8fdb\u884c\u58f0\u660e\u3002\u8981\u8d4b\u503c\u7ed9\u4e00\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\uff0c\u60a8\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fd9\u6837\u5199\uff1a <\/p>\n
\u53d8\u91cf\u540d=\u503c <\/p>\n
\u3000\u3000\u53d6\u51fa\u53d8\u91cf\u503c\u53ef\u4ee5\u52a0\u4e00\u4e2a\u7f8e\u5143\u7b26\u53f7\uff08$\uff09\u5728\u53d8\u91cf\u524d\u9762\uff1a <\/p>\n
#!\/bin\/sh
#\u5bf9\u53d8\u91cf\u8d4b\u503c\uff1a
a=”hello world”
# \u73b0\u5728\u6253\u5370\u53d8\u91cfa\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\uff1a
echo “A is:”
echo $a <\/p>\n
\u3000\u3000\u5728\u60a8\u7684\u7f16\u8f91\u5668\u4e2d\u8f93\u5165\u4ee5\u4e0a\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u5c06\u5176\u4fdd\u5b58\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6first\u3002\u4e4b\u540e\u6267\u884cchmod +x first <\/p>\n
\u3000\u3000\u4f7f\u5176\u53ef\u6267\u884c\uff0c\u6700\u540e\u8f93\u5165.\/first\u6267\u884c\u8be5\u811a\u672c\u3002 <\/p>\n
\u3000\u3000\u8fd9\u4e2a\u811a\u672c\u5c06\u4f1a\u8f93\u51fa\uff1a <\/p>\n
A is:
hello world <\/p>\n
\u3000\u3000\u6709\u65f6\u5019\u53d8\u91cf\u540d\u5f88\u5bb9\u6613\u4e0e\u5176\u4ed6\u6587\u5b57\u6df7\u6dc6\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\uff1a <\/p>\n
num=2
echo “this is the $numnd” <\/p>\n
\u3000\u3000\u8fd9\u5e76\u4e0d\u4f1a\u6253\u5370\u51fa”this is the 2nd”\uff0c\u800c\u4ec5\u4ec5\u6253\u5370”this is the “\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3ashell\u4f1a\u53bb\u641c\u7d22\u53d8\u91cfnumnd\u7684\u503c\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u8fd9\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\u65f6\u6ca1\u6709\u503c\u7684\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u82b1\u62ec\u53f7\u6765\u544a\u8bc9shell\u6211\u4eec\u8981\u6253\u5370\u7684\u662fnum\u53d8\u91cf\uff1a <\/p>\n
num=2
echo “this is the ${num}nd” <\/p>\n
\u3000\u3000\u8fd9\u5c06\u6253\u5370\uff1a this is the 2nd <\/p>\n
\u3000\u3000\u6709\u8bb8\u591a\u53d8\u91cf\u662f\u7cfb\u7edf\u81ea\u52a8\u8bbe\u5b9a\u7684\uff0c\u8fd9\u5c06\u5728\u540e\u9762\u4f7f\u7528\u8fd9\u4e9b\u53d8\u91cf\u65f6\u8fdb\u884c\u8ba8\u8bba\u3002 <\/p>\n
\u3000\u3000\u5982\u679c\u60a8\u9700\u8981\u5904\u7406\u6570\u5b66\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u60a8\u9700\u8981\u4f7f\u7528\u8bf8\u5982expr\u7b49\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff08\u89c1\u4e0b\u9762\uff09\u3002 <\/p>\n
\u3000\u3000\u9664\u4e86\u4e00\u822c\u7684\u4ec5\u5728\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5185\u6709\u6548\u7684shell\u53d8\u91cf\u4ee5\u5916\uff0c\u8fd8\u6709\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u3002\u7531export\u5173\u952e\u5b57\u5904\u7406\u8fc7\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u53eb\u505a\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u5bf9\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u8fdb\u884c\u8ba8\u8bba\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u901a\u5e38\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u4ec5\u4ec5\u5728\u767b\u5f55\u811a\u672c\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u3002 <\/p>\n
Shell\u547d\u4ee4\u548c\u6d41\u7a0b\u63a7\u5236 <\/p>\n
\u3000\u3000\u5728shell\u811a\u672c\u4e2d\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u4e09\u7c7b\u547d\u4ee4\uff1a <\/p>\n
1)Unix \u547d\u4ee4: <\/p>\n
\u3000\u3000\u867d\u7136\u5728shell\u811a\u672c\u4e2d\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u4efb\u610f\u7684unix\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u8fd8\u662f\u7531\u4e00\u4e9b\u76f8\u5bf9\u66f4\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u547d\u4ee4\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u7528\u6765\u8fdb\u884c\u6587\u4ef6\u548c\u6587\u5b57\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u3002 <\/p>\n
\u5e38\u7528\u547d\u4ee4\u8bed\u6cd5\u53ca\u529f\u80fd <\/p>\n
\u3000\u3000echo “some text”: \u5c06\u6587\u5b57\u5185\u5bb9\u6253\u5370\u5728\u5c4f\u5e55\u4e0a <\/p>\n
\u3000\u3000ls: \u6587\u4ef6\u5217\u8868 <\/p>\n
\u3000\u3000wc -l filewc -w filewc -c file: \u8ba1\u7b97\u6587\u4ef6\u884c\u6570\u8ba1\u7b97\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u7684\u5355\u8bcd\u6570\u8ba1\u7b97\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u6570 <\/p>\n
\u3000\u3000cp sourcefile destfile: \u6587\u4ef6\u62f7\u8d1d <\/p>\n
\u3000\u3000mv oldname newname : \u91cd\u547d\u540d\u6587\u4ef6\u6216\u79fb\u52a8\u6587\u4ef6 <\/p>\n
\u3000\u3000rm file: \u5220\u9664\u6587\u4ef6 <\/p>\n
\u3000\u3000grep ‘pattern’ file: \u5728\u6587\u4ef6\u5185\u641c\u7d22\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u6bd4\u5982\uff1agrep ‘searchstring’ file.txt <\/p>\n
\u3000\u3000cut -b colnum file: \u6307\u5b9a\u6b32\u663e\u793a\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u5185\u5bb9\u8303\u56f4\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u5b83\u4eec\u8f93\u51fa\u5230\u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u51fa\u8bbe\u5907\u6bd4\u5982\uff1a\u8f93\u51fa\u6bcf\u884c\u7b2c5\u4e2a\u5230\u7b2c9\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26cut -b5-9 file.txt\u5343\u4e07\u4e0d\u8981\u548ccat\u547d\u4ee4\u6df7\u6dc6\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u4e24\u4e2a\u5b8c\u5168\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u547d\u4ee4 <\/p>\n
\u3000\u3000cat file.txt: \u8f93\u51fa\u6587\u4ef6\u5185\u5bb9\u5230\u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u51fa\u8bbe\u5907\uff08\u5c4f\u5e55\uff09\u4e0a <\/p>\n
\u3000\u3000file somefile: \u5f97\u5230\u6587\u4ef6\u7c7b\u578b <\/p>\n
\u3000\u3000read var: \u63d0\u793a\u7528\u6237\u8f93\u5165\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u8f93\u5165\u8d4b\u503c\u7ed9\u53d8\u91cf <\/p>\n
\u3000\u3000sort file.txt: \u5bf9file.txt\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u7684\u884c\u8fdb\u884c\u6392\u5e8f <\/p>\n
\u3000\u3000uniq: \u5220\u9664\u6587\u672c\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u884c\u5217\u6bd4\u5982\uff1a sort file.txt | uniq <\/p>\n
\u3000\u3000expr: \u8fdb\u884c\u6570\u5b66\u8fd0\u7b97Example: add 2 and 3expr 2 “+” 3 <\/p>\n
\u3000\u3000find: \u641c\u7d22\u6587\u4ef6\u6bd4\u5982\uff1a\u6839\u636e\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u641c\u7d22find . -name filename -print <\/p>\n
\u3000\u3000tee: \u5c06\u6570\u636e\u8f93\u51fa\u5230\u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u51fa\u8bbe\u5907(\u5c4f\u5e55) \u548c\u6587\u4ef6\u6bd4\u5982\uff1asomecommand | tee outfile <\/p>\n
\u3000\u3000basename file: \u8fd4\u56de\u4e0d\u5305\u542b\u8def\u5f84\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u6bd4\u5982\uff1a basename \/bin\/tux\u5c06\u8fd4\u56de tux <\/p>\n
\u3000\u3000dirname file: \u8fd4\u56de\u6587\u4ef6\u6240\u5728\u8def\u5f84\u6bd4\u5982\uff1adirname \/bin\/tux\u5c06\u8fd4\u56de \/bin <\/p>\n
\u3000\u3000head file: \u6253\u5370\u6587\u672c\u6587\u4ef6\u5f00\u5934\u51e0\u884c <\/p>\n
\u3000\u3000tail file : \u6253\u5370\u6587\u672c\u6587\u4ef6\u672b\u5c3e\u51e0\u884c <\/p>\n
\u3000\u3000sed: Sed\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u67e5\u627e\u66ff\u6362\u7a0b\u5e8f\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ece\u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u5165\uff08\u6bd4\u5982\u547d\u4ee4\u7ba1\u9053\uff09\u8bfb\u5165\u6587\u672c\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u7ed3\u679c\u8f93\u51fa\u5230\u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u51fa\uff08\u5c4f\u5e55\uff09\u3002\u8be5\u547d\u4ee4\u91c7\u7528\u6b63\u5219\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\uff08\u89c1\u53c2\u8003\uff09\u8fdb\u884c\u641c\u7d22\u3002\u4e0d\u8981\u548cshell\u4e2d\u7684\u901a\u914d\u7b26\u76f8\u6df7\u6dc6\u3002\u6bd4\u5982\uff1a\u5c06linuxfocus \u66ff\u6362\u4e3a LinuxFocus \uff1acat text.file | sed ‘s\/linuxfocus\/LinuxFocus\/’ > newtext.file <\/p>\n
\u3000\u3000awk: awk \u7528\u6765\u4ece\u6587\u672c\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u63d0\u53d6\u5b57\u6bb5\u3002\u7f3a\u7701\u5730\uff0c\u5b57\u6bb5\u5206\u5272\u7b26\u662f\u7a7a\u683c\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528-F\u6307\u5b9a\u5176\u4ed6\u5206\u5272\u7b26\u3002cat file.txt | awk -F, ‘{print $1 “,” $3 }’\u8fd9\u91cc\u6211\u4eec\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5b57\u6bb5\u5206\u5272\u7b26\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u6253\u5370\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u548c\u7b2c\u4e09\u4e2a\u5b57\u6bb5\u3002\u5982\u679c\u8be5\u6587\u4ef6\u5185\u5bb9\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a Adam Bor, 34, IndiaKerry Miller, 22, USA\u547d\u4ee4\u8f93\u51fa\u7ed3\u679c\u4e3a\uff1aAdam Bor, IndiaKerry Miller, USA <\/p>\n
2) \u6982\u5ff5: \u7ba1\u9053, \u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u548c backtick <\/p>\n
\u3000\u3000\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4e0d\u662f\u7cfb\u7edf\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u4ed6\u4eec\u771f\u7684\u5f88\u91cd\u8981\u3002 <\/p>\n
\u3000\u3000\u7ba1\u9053 (|) \u5c06\u4e00\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u8f93\u51fa\u4f5c\u4e3a\u53e6\u5916\u4e00\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u8f93\u5165\u3002 <\/p>\n
grep “hello” file.txt | wc -l <\/p>\n
\u3000\u3000\u5728file.txt\u4e2d\u641c\u7d22\u5305\u542b\u6709”hello”\u7684\u884c\u5e76\u8ba1\u7b97\u5176\u884c\u6570\u3002 <\/p>\n
\u3000\u3000\u5728\u8fd9\u91ccgrep\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u8f93\u51fa\u4f5c\u4e3awc\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u8f93\u5165\u3002\u5f53\u7136\u60a8\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u591a\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u3002 <\/p>\n
\u3000\u3000\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\uff1a\u5c06\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u8f93\u51fa\u5230\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u51fa\uff08\u5c4f\u5e55\uff09\u3002 <\/p>\n
\u3000\u3000> \u5199\u5165\u6587\u4ef6\u5e76\u8986\u76d6\u65e7\u6587\u4ef6 <\/p>\n
\u3000\u3000>> \u52a0\u5230\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u5c3e\u90e8\uff0c\u4fdd\u7559\u65e7\u6587\u4ef6\u5185\u5bb9\u3002 <\/p>\n
\u53cd\u77ed\u659c\u7ebf <\/p>\n
\u3000\u3000\u4f7f\u7528\u53cd\u77ed\u659c\u7ebf\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u4e00\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u8f93\u51fa\u4f5c\u4e3a\u53e6\u5916\u4e00\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u53c2\u6570\u3002 <\/p>\n
\u3000\u3000\u547d\u4ee4\uff1a <\/p>\n
find . -mtime -1 -type f -print <\/p>\n
\u3000\u3000\u7528\u6765\u67e5\u627e\u8fc7\u53bb24\u5c0f\u65f6\uff08-mtime -2\u5219\u8868\u793a\u8fc7\u53bb48\u5c0f\u65f6\uff09\u5185\u4fee\u6539\u8fc7\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u3002\u5982\u679c\u60a8\u60f3\u5c06\u6240\u6709\u67e5\u627e\u5230\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u6253\u4e00\u4e2a\u5305\uff0c\u5219\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u4ee5\u4e0b\u811a\u672c\uff1a <\/p>\n
#!\/bin\/sh
# The ticks are backticks (`) not normal quotes (‘):
tar -zcvf lastmod.tar.gz `find . -mtime -1 -type f -print` <\/p>\n
\u3000\u30003) \u6d41\u7a0b\u63a7\u5236 <\/p>\n
\u3000\u3000”if” \u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f \u5982\u679c\u6761\u4ef6\u4e3a\u771f\u5219\u6267\u884cthen\u540e\u9762\u7684\u90e8\u5206\uff1a <\/p>\n
if ….; then
\u3000 ….
elif ….; then
\u3000 ….
else
\u3000 ….
fi <\/p>\n
\u3000\u3000\u5927\u591a\u6570\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u6d4b\u8bd5\u547d\u4ee4\u6765\u5bf9\u6761\u4ef6\u8fdb\u884c\u6d4b\u8bd5\u3002\u6bd4\u5982\u53ef\u4ee5\u6bd4\u8f83\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u3001\u5224\u65ad\u6587\u4ef6\u662f\u5426\u5b58\u5728\u53ca\u662f\u5426\u53ef\u8bfb\u7b49\u7b49… <\/p>\n
\u3000\u3000\u901a\u5e38\u7528” [ ] “\u6765\u8868\u793a\u6761\u4ef6\u6d4b\u8bd5\u3002\u6ce8\u610f\u8fd9\u91cc\u7684\u7a7a\u683c\u5f88\u91cd\u8981\u3002\u8981\u786e\u4fdd\u65b9\u62ec\u53f7\u7684\u7a7a\u683c\u3002 <\/p>\n
[ -f “somefile” ] \uff1a\u5224\u65ad\u662f\u5426\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6
[ -x “\/bin\/ls” ] \uff1a\u5224\u65ad\/bin\/ls\u662f\u5426\u5b58\u5728\u5e76\u6709\u53ef\u6267\u884c\u6743\u9650
[ -n “$var” ] \uff1a\u5224\u65ad$var\u53d8\u91cf\u662f\u5426\u6709\u503c
[ “$a” = “$b” ] \uff1a\u5224\u65ad$a\u548c$b\u662f\u5426\u76f8\u7b49 <\/p>\n
\u3000\u3000\u6267\u884cman test\u53ef\u4ee5\u67e5\u770b\u6240\u6709\u6d4b\u8bd5\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u53ef\u4ee5\u6bd4\u8f83\u548c\u5224\u65ad\u7684\u7c7b\u578b\u3002 <\/p>\n
\u3000\u3000\u76f4\u63a5\u6267\u884c\u4ee5\u4e0b\u811a\u672c\uff1a <\/p>\n
#!\/bin\/sh
if [ “$SHELL” = “\/bin\/bash” ]; then
\u3000echo “your login shell is the bash (bourne again shell)”
else
\u3000echo “your login shell is not bash but $SHELL”
fi <\/p>\n
\u3000\u3000\u53d8\u91cf$SHELL\u5305\u542b\u4e86\u767b\u5f55shell\u7684\u540d\u79f0\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u548c\/bin\/bash\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u6bd4\u8f83\u3002 <\/p>\n
\u5feb\u6377\u64cd\u4f5c\u7b26 <\/p>\n
\u3000\u3000\u719f\u6089C\u8bed\u8a00\u7684\u670b\u53cb\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u5f88\u559c\u6b22\u4e0b\u9762\u7684\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\uff1a <\/p>\n
[ -f “\/etc\/shadow” ] && echo “This computer uses shadow passwors” <\/p>\n
\u3000\u3000\u8fd9\u91cc && \u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5feb\u6377\u64cd\u4f5c\u7b26\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u5de6\u8fb9\u7684\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u4e3a\u771f\u5219\u6267\u884c\u53f3\u8fb9\u7684\u8bed\u53e5\u3002\u60a8\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u903b\u8f91\u8fd0\u7b97\u4e2d\u7684\u4e0e\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002\u4e0a\u4f8b\u4e2d\u8868\u793a\u5982\u679c\/etc\/shadow\u6587\u4ef6\u5b58\u5728\u5219\u6253\u5370” This computer uses shadow passwors”\u3002\u540c\u6837\u6216\u64cd\u4f5c(||)\u5728shell\u7f16\u7a0b\u4e2d\u4e5f\u662f\u53ef\u7528\u7684\u3002\u8fd9\u91cc\u6709\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\uff1a <\/p>\n
#!\/bin\/sh
mailfolder=\/var\/spool\/mail\/james
[ -r “$mailfolder” ]’ ‘{ echo “Can not read $mailfolder” ; exit 1; }
echo “$mailfolder has mail from:”
grep “^From ” $mailfolder <\/p>\n
\u3000\u3000\u8be5\u811a\u672c\u9996\u5148\u5224\u65admailfolder\u662f\u5426\u53ef\u8bfb\u3002\u5982\u679c\u53ef\u8bfb\u5219\u6253\u5370\u8be5\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u7684”From” \u4e00\u884c\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4e0d\u53ef\u8bfb\u5219\u6216\u64cd\u4f5c\u751f\u6548\uff0c\u6253\u5370\u9519\u8bef\u4fe1\u606f\u540e\u811a\u672c\u9000\u51fa\u3002\u8fd9\u91cc\u6709\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u90a3\u5c31\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u5fc5\u987b\u6709\u4e24\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\uff1a <\/p>\n
\u3000\u3000-\u6253\u5370\u9519\u8bef\u4fe1\u606f <\/p>\n
\u3000\u3000-\u9000\u51fa\u7a0b\u5e8f <\/p>\n
\u3000\u3000\u6211\u4eec\u4f7f\u7528\u82b1\u62ec\u53f7\u4ee5\u533f\u540d\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u5c06\u4e24\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u653e\u5230\u4e00\u8d77\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u4f7f\u7528\u3002\u4e00\u822c\u51fd\u6570\u5c06\u5728\u4e0b\u6587\u63d0\u53ca\u3002 <\/p>\n
\u3000\u3000\u4e0d\u7528\u4e0e\u548c\u6216\u64cd\u4f5c\u7b26\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528if\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u4f5c\u4efb\u4f55\u4e8b\u60c5\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u4f7f\u7528\u4e0e\u6216\u64cd\u4f5c\u7b26\u4f1a\u66f4\u4fbf\u5229\u5f88\u591a\u3002 <\/p>\n
\u3000\u3000case\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u6765\u5339\u914d\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ed9\u5b9a\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u6570\u5b57\u3002 <\/p>\n
case … in
…) do something here ;;
esac <\/p>\n
\u3000\u3000\u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u770b\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\u3002 file\u547d\u4ee4\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fa8\u522b\u51fa\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ed9\u5b9a\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u7c7b\u578b\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\uff1a <\/p>\n
file lf.gz <\/p>\n
\u3000\u3000\u8fd9\u5c06\u8fd4\u56de\uff1a <\/p>\n
lf.gz: gzip compressed data, deflated, original filename,
last modified: Mon Aug 27 23:09:18 2001, os: Unix <\/p>\n
\u3000\u3000\u6211\u4eec\u5229\u7528\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\u5199\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u53eb\u505asmartzip\u7684\u811a\u672c\uff0c\u8be5\u811a\u672c\u53ef\u4ee5\u81ea\u52a8\u89e3\u538bbzip2, gzip \u548czip \u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u538b\u7f29\u6587\u4ef6\uff1a <\/p>\n
#!\/bin\/sh
ftype=`file “$1″`
case “$ftype” in
“$1: Zip archive”*)
\u3000\u3000unzip “$1” ;;
“$1: gzip compressed”*)
\u3000\u3000gunzip “$1” ;;
“$1: bzip2 compressed”*)
\u3000\u3000bunzip2 “$1” ;;
*) error “File $1 can not be uncompressed with smartzip”;;
esac <\/p>\n
\u3000\u3000\u60a8\u53ef\u80fd\u6ce8\u610f\u5230\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u4f7f\u7528\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\u53d8\u91cf$1\u3002\u8be5\u53d8\u91cf\u5305\u542b\u4e86\u4f20\u9012\u7ed9\u8be5\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570\u503c\u3002\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\uff0c\u5f53\u6211\u4eec\u8fd0\u884c\uff1a <\/p>\n
smartzip articles.zip
$1 \u5c31\u662f\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32 articles.zip <\/p>\n
\u3000\u3000select \u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u662f\u4e00\u79cdbash\u7684\u6269\u5c55\u5e94\u7528\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u64c5\u957f\u4e8e\u4ea4\u4e92\u5f0f\u4f7f\u7528\u3002\u7528\u6237\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ece\u4e00\u7ec4\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u503c\u4e2d\u8fdb\u884c\u9009\u62e9\u3002 <\/p>\n
select var in … ; do
\u3000break
done
…. now $var can be used ….
\u4e0b\u9762\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\uff1a
#!\/bin\/sh
echo “What is your favourite OS?”
select var in “Linux” “Gnu Hurd” “Free BSD” “Other”; do
\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000break
done
echo “You have selected $var” <\/p>\n
\u3000\u3000\u4e0b\u9762\u662f\u8be5\u811a\u672c\u8fd0\u884c\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\uff1a <\/p>\n
What is your favourite OS?
1) Linux
2) Gnu Hurd
3) Free BSD
4) Other
#? 1
You have selected Linux <\/p>\n
\u3000\u3000\u60a8\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728shell\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528\u5982\u4e0b\u7684loop\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\uff1a <\/p>\n
while …; do
….
done <\/p>\n
\u3000\u3000while-loop \u5c06\u8fd0\u884c\u76f4\u5230\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u6d4b\u8bd5\u4e3a\u771f\u3002will run while the expression that we test for is true. \u5173\u952e\u5b57”break” \u7528\u6765\u8df3\u51fa\u5faa\u73af\u3002\u800c\u5173\u952e\u5b57”continue”\u7528\u6765\u4e0d\u6267\u884c\u4f59\u4e0b\u7684\u90e8\u5206\u800c\u76f4\u63a5\u8df3\u5230\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e2a\u5faa\u73af\u3002 <\/p>\n
\u3000\u3000for-loop\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u67e5\u770b\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u5217\u8868 (\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u7528\u7a7a\u683c\u5206\u9694) \u7136\u540e\u5c06\u5176\u8d4b\u7ed9\u4e00\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\uff1a <\/p>\n
for var in ….; do
\u3000….
done <\/p>\n
\u3000\u3000\u5728\u4e0b\u9762\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u4e2d\uff0c\u5c06\u5206\u522b\u6253\u5370ABC\u5230\u5c4f\u5e55\u4e0a\uff1a <\/p>\n
#!\/bin\/sh
for var in A B C ; do
\u3000echo “var is $var”
done <\/p>\n
\u3000\u3000\u4e0b\u9762\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u66f4\u4e3a\u6709\u7528\u7684\u811a\u672cshowrpm\uff0c\u5176\u529f\u80fd\u662f\u6253\u5370\u4e00\u4e9bRPM\u5305\u7684\u7edf\u8ba1\u4fe1\u606f\uff1a <\/p>\n
#!\/bin\/sh
# list a content summary of a number of RPM packages
# USAGE: showrpm rpmfile1 rpmfile2 …
# EXAMPLE: showrpm \/cdrom\/RedHat\/RPMS\/*.rpm
for rpmpackage in $*; do
\u3000if [ -r “$rpmpackage” ];then
\u3000\u3000echo “=============== $rpmpackage ==============”
\u3000\u3000rpm -qi -p $rpmpackage
\u3000else
\u3000\u3000echo “ERROR: cannot read file $rpmpackage”
\u3000fi
done <\/p>\n
\u3000\u3000\u8fd9\u91cc\u51fa\u73b0\u4e86\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2a\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\u53d8\u91cf$*\uff0c\u8be5\u53d8\u91cf\u5305\u542b\u4e86\u6240\u6709\u8f93\u5165\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u53c2\u6570\u503c\u3002\u5982\u679c\u60a8\u8fd0\u884cshowrpm openssh.rpm w3m.rpm webgrep.rpm <\/p>\n
\u3000\u3000\u6b64\u65f6 $* \u5305\u542b\u4e86 3 \u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\uff0c\u5373openssh.rpm, w3m.rpm and webgrep.rpm. <\/p>\n
\u5f15\u53f7 <\/p>\n
\u3000\u3000\u5728\u5411\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4f20\u9012\u4efb\u4f55\u53c2\u6570\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4f1a\u6269\u5c55\u901a\u914d\u7b26\u548c\u53d8\u91cf\u3002\u8fd9\u91cc\u6240\u8c13\u6269\u5c55\u7684\u610f\u601d\u662f\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4f1a\u628a\u901a\u914d\u7b26\uff08\u6bd4\u5982*\uff09\u66ff\u6362\u6210\u5408\u9002\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\uff0c\u5b83\u53d8\u91cf\u66ff\u6362\u6210\u53d8\u91cf\u503c\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u9632\u6b62\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4f5c\u8fd9\u79cd\u66ff\u6362\uff0c\u60a8\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u5f15\u53f7\uff1a\u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u6765\u770b\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\uff0c\u5047\u8bbe\u5728\u5f53\u524d\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u4e24\u4e2ajpg\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c mail.jpg \u548ctux.jpg\u3002 <\/p>\n
#!\/bin\/sh
echo *.jpg <\/p>\n
\u3000\u3000\u8fd9\u5c06\u6253\u5370\u51fa”mail.jpg tux.jpg”\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u3002 <\/p>\n
\u3000\u3000\u5f15\u53f7 (\u5355\u5f15\u53f7\u548c\u53cc\u5f15\u53f7) \u5c06\u9632\u6b62\u8fd9\u79cd\u901a\u914d\u7b26\u6269\u5c55\uff1a <\/p>\n
#!\/bin\/sh
echo “*.jpg”
echo ‘*.jpg’ <\/p>\n
\u3000\u3000\u8fd9\u5c06\u6253\u5370”*.jpg” \u4e24\u6b21\u3002 <\/p>\n
\u3000\u3000\u5355\u5f15\u53f7\u66f4\u4e25\u683c\u4e00\u4e9b\u3002\u5b83\u53ef\u4ee5\u9632\u6b62\u4efb\u4f55\u53d8\u91cf\u6269\u5c55\u3002\u53cc\u5f15\u53f7\u53ef\u4ee5\u9632\u6b62\u901a\u914d\u7b26\u6269\u5c55\u4f46\u5141\u8bb8\u53d8\u91cf\u6269\u5c55\u3002 <\/p>\n
#!\/bin\/sh
echo $SHELL
echo “$SHELL”
echo ‘$SHELL’ <\/p>\n
\u3000\u3000\u8fd0\u884c\u7ed3\u679c\u4e3a\uff1a <\/p>\n
\/bin\/bash
\/bin\/bash
$SHELL <\/p>\n
\u3000\u3000\u6700\u540e\uff0c\u8fd8\u6709\u4e00\u79cd\u9632\u6b62\u8fd9\u79cd\u6269\u5c55\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u90a3\u5c31\u662f\u4f7f\u7528\u8f6c\u4e49\u5b57\u7b26\u2014\u2014\u53cd\u659c\u6746\uff1a <\/p>\n
echo *.jpg
echo $SHELL <\/p>\n
\u3000\u3000\u8fd9\u5c06\u8f93\u51fa\uff1a <\/p>\n
*.jpg
$SHELL
Here documents <\/p>\n
\u3000\u3000\u5f53\u8981\u5c06\u51e0\u884c\u6587\u5b57\u4f20\u9012\u7ed9\u4e00\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u65f6\uff0chere documents\uff08\u8bd1\u8005\u6ce8\uff1a\u76ee\u524d\u8fd8\u6ca1\u6709\u89c1\u5230\u8fc7\u5bf9\u8be5\u8bcd\u9002\u5408\u7684\u7ffb\u8bd1\uff09\u4e00\u79cd\u4e0d\u9519\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u5bf9\u6bcf\u4e2a\u811a\u672c\u5199\u4e00\u6bb5\u5e2e\u52a9\u6027\u7684\u6587\u5b57\u662f\u5f88\u6709\u7528\u7684\uff0c\u6b64\u65f6\u5982\u679c\u6211\u4eec\u56db\u6709\u90a3\u4e2ahere documents\u5c31\u4e0d\u5fc5\u7528echo\u51fd\u6570\u4e00\u884c\u884c\u8f93\u51fa\u3002 \u4e00\u4e2a “Here document” \u4ee5 << \u5f00\u5934\uff0c\u540e\u9762\u63a5\u4e0a\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u8fd8\u5fc5\u987b\u51fa\u73b0\u5728here document\u7684\u672b\u5c3e\u3002\u4e0b\u9762\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\uff0c\u5728\u8be5\u4f8b\u5b50\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5bf9\u591a\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u8fdb\u884c\u91cd\u547d\u540d\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u4f7f\u7528here documents\u6253\u5370\u5e2e\u52a9\uff1a <\/p>\n
#!\/bin\/sh
# we have less than 3 arguments. Print the help text:
if [ $# -lt 3 ] ; then
cat < ren — renames a number of files using sed regular expressions <\/p>\n
USAGE: ren ‘regexp’ ‘replacement’ files… <\/p>\n
EXAMPLE: rename all *.HTM files in *.html:
\u3000ren ‘HTM$’ ‘html’ *.HTM <\/p>\n
HELP
\u3000exit 0
fi
OLD=”$1″
NEW=”$2″
# The shift command removes one argument from the list of
# command line arguments.
shift
shift
# $* contains now all the files:
for file in $*; do
\u3000\u3000if [ -f “$file” ] ; then
\u3000\u3000\u3000newfile=`echo “$file” | sed “s\/${OLD}\/${NEW}\/g”`
\u3000\u3000\u3000if [ -f “$newfile” ]; then
\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000echo “ERROR: $newfile exists already”
\u3000\u3000\u3000else
\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000echo “renaming $file to $newfile …”
\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000mv “$file” “$newfile”
\u3000\u3000\u3000fi
\u3000\u3000fi
done <\/p>\n
\u3000\u3000\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u590d\u6742\u4e00\u4e9b\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u3002\u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u8be6\u7ec6\u8ba8\u8bba\u4e00\u4e0b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2aif\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u5224\u65ad\u8f93\u5165\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u53c2\u6570\u662f\u5426\u5c0f\u4e8e3\u4e2a (\u7279\u6b8a\u53d8\u91cf$# \u8868\u793a\u5305\u542b\u53c2\u6570\u7684\u4e2a\u6570) \u3002\u5982\u679c\u8f93\u5165\u53c2\u6570\u5c0f\u4e8e3\u4e2a\uff0c\u5219\u5c06\u5e2e\u52a9\u6587\u5b57\u4f20\u9012\u7ed9cat\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u7531cat\u547d\u4ee4\u5c06\u5176\u6253\u5370\u5728\u5c4f\u5e55\u4e0a\u3002\u6253\u5370\u5e2e\u52a9\u6587\u5b57\u540e\u7a0b\u5e8f\u9000\u51fa\u3002 \u5982\u679c\u8f93\u5165\u53c2\u6570\u7b49\u4e8e\u6216\u5927\u4e8e3\u4e2a\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c31\u5c06\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570\u8d4b\u503c\u7ed9\u53d8\u91cfOLD\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570\u8d4b\u503c\u7ed9\u53d8\u91cfNEW\u3002\u4e0b\u4e00\u6b65\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4f7f\u7528shift\u547d\u4ee4\u5c06\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u548c\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570\u4ece\u53c2\u6570\u5217\u8868\u4e2d\u5220\u9664\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u539f\u6765\u7684\u7b2c\u4e09\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570\u5c31\u6210\u4e3a\u53c2\u6570\u5217\u8868$*\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570\u3002\u7136\u540e\u6211\u4eec\u5f00\u59cb\u5faa\u73af\uff0c\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u53c2\u6570\u5217\u8868\u88ab\u4e00\u4e2a\u63a5\u4e00\u4e2a\u5730\u88ab\u8d4b\u503c\u7ed9\u53d8\u91cf$file\u3002\u63a5\u7740\u6211\u4eec\u5224\u65ad\u8be5\u6587\u4ef6\u662f\u5426\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u5b58\u5728\u5219\u901a\u8fc7sed\u547d\u4ee4\u641c\u7d22\u548c\u66ff\u6362\u6765\u4ea7\u751f\u65b0\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u3002\u7136\u540e\u5c06\u53cd\u77ed\u659c\u7ebf\u5185\u547d\u4ee4\u7ed3\u679c\u8d4b\u503c\u7ed9newfile\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\u6211\u4eec\u5c31\u8fbe\u5230\u4e86\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u76ee\u7684\uff1a\u5f97\u5230\u4e86\u65e7\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u548c\u65b0\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u3002\u7136\u540e\u4f7f\u7528mv\u547d\u4ee4\u8fdb\u884c\u91cd\u547d\u540d\u3002 <\/p>\n
\u51fd\u6570 <\/p>\n
\u3000\u3000\u5982\u679c\u60a8\u5199\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u7a0d\u5fae\u590d\u6742\u4e00\u4e9b\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff0c\u60a8\u5c31\u4f1a\u53d1\u73b0\u5728\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4e2d\u53ef\u80fd\u5728\u51e0\u4e2a\u5730\u65b9\u4f7f\u7528\u4e86\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u60a8\u4e5f\u4f1a\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6211\u4eec\u4f7f\u7528\u4e86\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u4f1a\u65b9\u4fbf\u5f88\u591a\u3002\u4e00\u4e2a\u51fd\u6570\u662f\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6837\u5b50\u7684\uff1a <\/p>\n
functionname()
{
# inside the body $1 is the first argument given to the function
# $2 the second …
body
} <\/p>\n
\u3000\u3000\u60a8\u9700\u8981\u5728\u6bcf\u4e2a\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u5f00\u59cb\u5bf9\u51fd\u6570\u8fdb\u884c\u58f0\u660e\u3002 <\/p>\n
\u3000\u3000\u4e0b\u9762\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u53eb\u505axtitlebar\u7684\u811a\u672c\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u8fd9\u4e2a\u811a\u672c\u60a8\u53ef\u4ee5\u6539\u53d8\u7ec8\u7aef\u7a97\u53e3\u7684\u540d\u79f0\u3002\u8fd9\u91cc\u4f7f\u7528\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u53eb\u505ahelp\u7684\u51fd\u6570\u3002\u6b63\u5982\u60a8\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u5230\u7684\u90a3\u6837\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u51fd\u6570\u88ab\u4f7f\u7528\u4e86\u4e24\u6b21\u3002 <\/p>\n
#!\/bin\/sh
# vim: set sw=4 ts=4 et: <\/p>\n
help()
{
\u3000\u3000cat < xtitlebar — change the name of an xterm, gnome-terminal or kde konsole <\/p>\n
USAGE: xtitlebar [-h] “string_for_titelbar” <\/p>\n
OPTIONS: -h help text <\/p>\n
EXAMPLE: xtitlebar “cvs” <\/p>\n
HELP
\u3000\u3000exit 0
} <\/p>\n
# in case of error or if -h is given we call the function help:
[ -z “$1” ] && help
[ “$1” = “-h” ] && help <\/p>\n
# send the escape sequence to change the xterm titelbar:
echo -e “33]0;$107”
# <\/p>\n
\u3000\u3000\u5728\u811a\u672c\u4e2d\u63d0\u4f9b\u5e2e\u52a9\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5f88\u597d\u7684\u7f16\u7a0b\u4e60\u60ef\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u65b9\u4fbf\u5176\u4ed6\u7528\u6237\uff08\u548c\u60a8\uff09\u4f7f\u7528\u548c\u7406\u89e3\u811a\u672c\u3002 <\/p>\n
\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u53c2\u6570 <\/p>\n
\u3000\u3000\u6211\u4eec\u5df2\u7ecf\u89c1\u8fc7$* \u548c $1, $2 … $9 \u7b49\u7279\u6b8a\u53d8\u91cf\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7279\u6b8a\u53d8\u91cf\u5305\u542b\u4e86\u7528\u6237\u4ece\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u8f93\u5165\u7684\u53c2\u6570\u3002\u8fc4\u4eca\u4e3a\u6b62\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4ec5\u4ec5\u4e86\u89e3\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u8bed\u6cd5\uff08\u6bd4\u5982\u4e00\u4e9b\u5f3a\u5236\u6027\u7684\u53c2\u6570\u548c\u67e5\u770b\u5e2e\u52a9\u7684-h\u9009\u9879\uff09\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u5728\u7f16\u5199\u66f4\u590d\u6742\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\u65f6\uff0c\u60a8\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u53d1\u73b0\u60a8\u9700\u8981\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u9009\u9879\u3002\u901a\u5e38\u7684\u60ef\u4f8b\u662f\u5728\u6240\u6709\u53ef\u9009\u7684\u53c2\u6570\u4e4b\u524d\u52a0\u4e00\u4e2a\u51cf\u53f7\uff0c\u540e\u9762\u518d\u52a0\u4e0a\u53c2\u6570\u503c (\u6bd4\u5982\u6587\u4ef6\u540d)\u3002 <\/p>\n
\u3000\u3000\u6709\u597d\u591a\u65b9\u6cd5\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b9e\u73b0\u5bf9\u8f93\u5165\u53c2\u6570\u7684\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u4e0b\u9762\u7684\u4f7f\u7528case\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u65e0\u9057\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e0d\u9519\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002 <\/p>\n
#!\/bin\/sh
help()
{
\u3000cat < This is a generic command line parser demo.
USAGE EXAMPLE: cmdparser -l hello -f — -somefile1 somefile2
HELP
\u3000exit 0
} <\/p>\n
while [ -n “$1” ]; do
case $1 in
\u3000\u3000-h) help;shift 1;; # function help is called
\u3000\u3000-f) opt_f=1;shift 1;; # variable opt_f is set
\u3000\u3000-l) opt_l=$2;shift 2;; # -l takes an argument -> shift by 2
\u3000\u3000–) shift;break;; # end of options
\u3000\u3000-*) echo “error: no such option $1. -h for help”;exit 1;;
\u3000\u3000*) break;;
esac
done <\/p>\n
echo “opt_f is $opt_f”
echo “opt_l is $opt_l”
echo “first arg is $1”
echo “2nd arg is $2” <\/p>\n
\u3000\u3000\u60a8\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fd9\u6837\u8fd0\u884c\u8be5\u811a\u672c\uff1a <\/p>\n
cmdparser -l hello -f — -somefile1 somefile2 <\/p>\n
\u3000\u3000\u8fd4\u56de\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u662f\uff1a <\/p>\n
opt_f is 1
opt_l is hello
first arg is -somefile1
2nd arg is somefile2 <\/p>\n
\u3000\u3000\u8fd9\u4e2a\u811a\u672c\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u5462\uff1f\u811a\u672c\u9996\u5148\u5728\u6240\u6709\u8f93\u5165\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u53c2\u6570\u4e2d\u8fdb\u884c\u5faa\u73af\uff0c\u5c06\u8f93\u5165\u53c2\u6570\u4e0ecase\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u8fdb\u884c\u6bd4\u8f83\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u5339\u914d\u5219\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e00\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\u5e76\u4e14\u79fb\u9664\u8be5\u53c2\u6570\u3002\u6839\u636eunix\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u60ef\u4f8b\uff0c\u9996\u5148\u8f93\u5165\u7684\u5e94\u8be5\u662f\u5305\u542b\u51cf\u53f7\u7684\u53c2\u6570\u3002 <\/p>\n
\u5b9e\u4f8b <\/p>\n
\u3000\u3000\u4e00\u822c\u7f16\u7a0b\u6b65\u9aa4 <\/p>\n
\u3000\u3000\u73b0\u5728\u6211\u4eec\u6765\u8ba8\u8bba\u7f16\u5199\u4e00\u4e2a\u811a\u672c\u7684\u4e00\u822c\u6b65\u9aa4\u3002\u4efb\u4f55\u4f18\u79c0\u7684\u811a\u672c\u90fd\u5e94\u8be5\u5177\u6709\u5e2e\u52a9\u548c\u8f93\u5165\u53c2\u6570\u3002\u5e76\u4e14\u5199\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f2a\u811a\u672c\uff08framework.sh\uff09\uff0c\u8be5\u811a\u672c\u5305\u542b\u4e86\u5927\u591a\u6570\u811a\u672c\u90fd\u9700\u8981\u7684\u6846\u67b6\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u975e\u5e38\u4e0d\u9519\u7684\u4e3b\u610f\u3002\u8fd9\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u5728\u5199\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u7684\u811a\u672c\u65f6\u6211\u4eec\u53ea\u9700\u8981\u6267\u884c\u4e00\u4e0bcopy\u547d\u4ee4\uff1a <\/p>\n
cp framework.sh myscript <\/p>\n
\u3000\u3000\u7136\u540e\u518d\u63d2\u5165\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u51fd\u6570\u3002 <\/p>\n
\u3000\u3000\u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u518d\u770b\u4e24\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\uff1a <\/p>\n
\u3000\u3000\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u5230\u5341\u8fdb\u5236\u7684\u8f6c\u6362 <\/p>\n
\u3000\u3000\u811a\u672c b2d \u5c06\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u6570 (\u6bd4\u5982 1101) \u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u5341\u8fdb\u5236\u6570\u3002\u8fd9\u4e5f\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7528expr\u547d\u4ee4\u8fdb\u884c\u6570\u5b66\u8fd0\u7b97\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\uff1a <\/p>\n
#!\/bin\/sh
# vim: set sw=4 ts=4 et:
help()
{
\u3000cat < b2h — convert binary to decimal <\/p>\n
USAGE: b2h [-h] binarynum <\/p>\n
OPTIONS: -h help text <\/p>\n
EXAMPLE: b2h 111010
will return 58
HELP
\u3000exit 0
} <\/p>\n
error()
{
\u3000\u3000# print an error and exit
\u3000\u3000echo “$1”
\u3000\u3000exit 1
} <\/p>\n
lastchar()
{
\u3000\u3000# return the last character of a string in $rval
\u3000\u3000if [ -z “$1” ]; then
\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000# empty string
\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000rval=””
\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000return
\u3000\u3000fi
\u3000\u3000# wc puts some space behind the output this is why we need sed:
\u3000\u3000numofchar=`echo -n “$1” | wc -c | sed ‘s\/ \/\/g’ `
\u3000\u3000# now cut out the last char
\u3000\u3000rval=`echo -n “$1” | cut -b $numofchar`
} <\/p>\n
chop()
{
\u3000\u3000# remove the last character in string and return it in $rval
\u3000\u3000if [ -z “$1” ]; then
\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000# empty string
\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000rval=””
\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000return
\u3000\u3000fi
\u3000\u3000# wc puts some space behind the output this is why we need sed:
\u3000\u3000numofchar=`echo -n “$1” | wc -c | sed ‘s\/ \/\/g’ `
\u3000\u3000if [ “$numofchar” = “1” ]; then
\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000# only one char in string
\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000rval=””
\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000return
\u3000\u3000fi
\u3000\u3000numofcharminus1=`expr $numofchar “-” 1`
\u3000\u3000# now cut all but the last char:
\u3000\u3000rval=`echo -n “$1” | cut -b 0-${numofcharminus1}`
} <\/p>\n
while [ -n “$1” ]; do
case $1 in
\u3000\u3000-h) help;shift 1;; # function help is called
\u3000\u3000–) shift;break;; # end of options
\u3000\u3000-*) error “error: no such option $1. -h for help”;;
\u3000\u3000*) break;;
esac
done <\/p>\n
# The main program
sum=0
weight=1
# one arg must be given:
[ -z “$1” ] && help
binnum=”$1″
binnumorig=”$1″ <\/p>\n
while [ -n “$binnum” ]; do
\u3000\u3000lastchar “$binnum”
\u3000\u3000if [ “$rval” = “1” ]; then
\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000sum=`expr “$weight” “+” “$sum”`
\u3000\u3000fi
\u3000\u3000# remove the last position in $binnum
\u3000\u3000chop “$binnum”
\u3000\u3000binnum=”$rval”
\u3000\u3000weight=`expr “$weight” “*” 2`
done <\/p>\n
echo “binary $binnumorig is decimal $sum”
# <\/p>\n
\u3000\u3000\u8be5\u811a\u672c\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u7b97\u6cd5\u662f\u5229\u7528\u5341\u8fdb\u5236\u548c\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u6570\u6743\u503c (1,2,4,8,16,..)\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236”10″\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fd9\u6837\u8f6c\u6362\u6210\u5341\u8fdb\u5236\uff1a <\/p>\n
0 * 1 + 1 * 2 = 2 <\/p>\n
\u3000\u3000\u4e3a\u4e86\u5f97\u5230\u5355\u4e2a\u7684\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u6570\u6211\u4eec\u662f\u7528\u4e86lastchar \u51fd\u6570\u3002\u8be5\u51fd\u6570\u4f7f\u7528wc -c\u8ba1\u7b97\u5b57\u7b26\u4e2a\u6570\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u4f7f\u7528cut\u547d\u4ee4\u53d6\u51fa\u672b\u5c3e\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u3002Chop\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u5219\u662f\u79fb\u9664\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u3002 <\/p>\n
\u3000\u3000\u6587\u4ef6\u5faa\u73af\u7a0b\u5e8f <\/p>\n
\u3000\u3000\u6216\u8bb8\u60a8\u662f\u60f3\u5c06\u6240\u6709\u53d1\u51fa\u7684\u90ae\u4ef6\u4fdd\u5b58\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u7684\u4eba\u4eec\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u5458\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5728\u8fc7\u4e86\u51e0\u4e2a\u6708\u4ee5\u540e\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u53d8\u5f97\u5f88\u5927\u4ee5\u81f3\u4e8e\u4f7f\u5bf9\u8be5\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u8bbf\u95ee\u901f\u5ea6\u53d8\u6162\u3002\u4e0b\u9762\u7684\u811a\u672crotatefile \u53ef\u4ee5\u89e3\u51b3\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u811a\u672c\u53ef\u4ee5\u91cd\u547d\u540d\u90ae\u4ef6\u4fdd\u5b58\u6587\u4ef6\uff08\u5047\u8bbe\u4e3aoutmail\uff09\u4e3aoutmail.1\uff0c\u800c\u5bf9\u4e8eoutmail.1\u5c31\u53d8\u6210\u4e86outmail.2 \u7b49\u7b49\u7b49\u7b49… <\/p>\n
#!\/bin\/sh
# vim: set sw=4 ts=4 et:
ver=”0.1″
help()
{
\u3000\u3000cat < rotatefile — rotate the file name <\/p>\n
USAGE: rotatefile [-h] filename <\/p>\n
OPTIONS: -h help text <\/p>\n
EXAMPLE: rotatefile out
This will e.g rename out.2 to out.3, out.1 to out.2, out to out.1
and create an empty out-file <\/p>\n
The max number is 10 <\/p>\n
version $ver
HELP
\u3000\u3000exit 0
} <\/p>\n
error()
{
\u3000\u3000echo “$1”
\u3000\u3000exit 1
}
while [ -n “$1” ]; do
case $1 in
\u3000\u3000-h) help;shift 1;;
\u3000\u3000–) break;;
\u3000\u3000-*) echo “error: no such option $1. -h for help”;exit 1;;
\u3000\u3000*) break;;
esac
done <\/p>\n
# input check:
if [ -z “$1” ] ; then
error “ERROR: you must specify a file, use -h for help”
fi
filen=”$1″
# rename any .1 , .2 etc file:
for n in 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1; do
\u3000\u3000if [ -f “$filen.$n” ]; then
\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000p=`expr $n + 1`
\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000echo “mv $filen.$n $filen.$p”
\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000mv $filen.$n $filen.$p
\u3000\u3000fi
done
# rename the original file:
if [ -f “$filen” ]; then
\u3000\u3000echo “mv $filen $filen.1”
\u3000\u3000mv $filen $filen.1
fi
echo touch $filen
touch $filen <\/p>\n
\u3000\u3000\u8fd9\u4e2a\u811a\u672c\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u5462\uff1f\u5728\u68c0\u6d4b\u7528\u6237\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u4ee5\u540e\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u8fdb\u884c\u4e00\u4e2a9\u52301\u7684\u5faa\u73af\u3002\u6587\u4ef69\u88ab\u547d\u540d\u4e3a10\uff0c\u6587\u4ef68\u91cd\u547d\u540d\u4e3a9\u7b49\u7b49\u3002\u5faa\u73af\u5b8c\u6210\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u539f\u59cb\u6587\u4ef6\u547d\u540d\u4e3a\u6587\u4ef61\u540c\u65f6\u5efa\u7acb\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e0e\u539f\u59cb\u6587\u4ef6\u540c\u540d\u7684\u7a7a\u6587\u4ef6\u3002 <\/p>\n
\u8c03\u8bd5 <\/p>\n
\u3000\u3000\u6700\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u8c03\u8bd5\u547d\u4ee4\u5f53\u7136\u662f\u4f7f\u7528echo\u547d\u4ee4\u3002\u60a8\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528echo\u5728\u4efb\u4f55\u6000\u7591\u51fa\u9519\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u6253\u5370\u4efb\u4f55\u53d8\u91cf\u503c\u3002\u8fd9\u4e5f\u662f\u7edd\u5927\u591a\u6570\u7684shell\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5458\u8981\u82b1\u8d3980%\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u6765\u8c03\u8bd5\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u3002Shell\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u597d\u5904\u5728\u4e8e\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u91cd\u65b0\u7f16\u8bd1\uff0c\u63d2\u5165\u4e00\u4e2aecho\u547d\u4ee4\u4e5f\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u591a\u5c11\u65f6\u95f4\u3002 <\/p>\n
\u3000\u3000shell\u4e5f\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u771f\u5b9e\u7684\u8c03\u8bd5\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u811a\u672c”strangescript” \u4e2d\u6709\u9519\u8bef\uff0c\u60a8\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fd9\u6837\u6765\u8fdb\u884c\u8c03\u8bd5\uff1a <\/p>\n
sh -x strangescript <\/p>\n
\u3000\u3000\u8fd9\u5c06\u6267\u884c\u8be5\u811a\u672c\u5e76\u663e\u793a\u6240\u6709\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u503c\u3002 <\/p>\n
\u3000\u3000shell\u8fd8\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u6267\u884c\u811a\u672c\u53ea\u662f\u68c0\u67e5\u8bed\u6cd5\u7684\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fd9\u6837\u4f7f\u7528\uff1a <\/p>\n
sh -n your_script <\/p>\n
\u3000\u3000\u8fd9\u5c06\u8fd4\u56de\u6240\u6709\u8bed\u6cd5\u9519\u8bef\u3002 <\/p>\n
\u3000\u3000\u6211\u5e0c\u671b\u60a8\u73b0\u5728\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f00\u59cb\u5199\u60a8\u81ea\u5df1\u7684shell\u811a\u672c\uff0c\u5e0c\u671b\u60a8\u73a9\u5f97\u5f00\u5fc3\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u8981\u8fdb\u884cshell\u7f16\u7a0b \u3000\u3000\u5728Linux\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\uff0c\u867d\u7136\u6709\u5404\u79cd\u5404\u6837\u7684\u56fe\u5f62\u5316\u63a5\u53e3\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u4f46\u662fshell\u4ecd\u7136\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u975e<\/p>\n